WGU D115 master set-Advanced Pathophysiology for
the Advanced Prac ce Nurse / Advanced
Pathophysiology for the Advanced Prac ce Nurse
Which type of gene c disease affects males more frequently than females? - Correct Answers
Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the affected chromosome has
the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two condi ons are chromosomal abnormali es the leading known cause? - Correct
Answers Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormali es are the
leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnos c studies? - Correct Answers Chorionic villus
sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplanta on gene c tes ng (PGT) are examples of
prenatal diagnos c studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a form of gene c tes ng that
provides gene c informa on found in utero and is usually performed between weeks 11 and 14
of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of gene c tes ng that evaluates amnio c fluid and is
usually performed during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is
performed on the embryo prior to implanta on.
Which gene c disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one chromosome
with a normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a missing gene? - Correct
Answers Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA dele on. This
term describes the cry o8en heard from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome
can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip genera ons? - Correct Answers The disease can be
transmi:ed through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an unaffected X
to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the disease because she
has the other X (the only X the father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
, Which type of risk is referred to as the ra o of the disease rate among the en re popula on to
the disease rate in an unexposed popula on? - Correct Answers Rela ve risk is a ra o of
probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most mul factorial diseases based on? - Correct Answers
Many factors from lifestyle to gene cs affect mul factorial diseases. Observa on and evalua on
of each case individually provides the most thorough and accurate assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. - Correct Answers The imprinted gene is the
silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflamma on and wound
healing? - Correct Answers The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's reserves to
fight against illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? - Correct Answers
Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria? - Correct Answers Macrophages work by ea ng or phagocytosing
bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? - Correct Answers Helper T cells
Which characteris c is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering
the an gen? - Correct Answers Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize
something foreign.
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing an ABO
incompa bility? - Correct Answers The complement pathway is ac vated in response to blood
incompa bility.
What is the hypersensi vity reac on that causes atopic derma s? - Correct Answers An
immediate (type I) hypersensi vity reac on causes atopic derma s.
Which four infec ons are considered fungal infec ons? - Correct Answers Infec on with a
fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., neas, which refers to several skin
mycoses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and
aspergillus.
When is the earliest a8er sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect infec on? -
Correct Answers Lab tes ng can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days a8er sexual transmission,
whereas HIV an body tes ng may take 23 to 90 days to result in a posi ve test. Repeat tes ng
may be needed to rule out a false nega ve test due to tes ng too soon a8er exposure,
especially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
What is a characteris c of exotoxins? - Correct Answers Exotoxins are released during
bacterial growth.
Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon
cancer? - Correct Answers The results of decreased fat consump on have been widely studied
and have demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
Which cancer is an individual who has worked with asbestos for over 40 years most likely to
develop? - Correct Answers Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung
lining cancer.
Which statement is true regarding ultraviolet (UV) light?
, The degree of damage is not affected by the light's wavelength. - Correct Answers UV light
causes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the UVB rays hit DNA strands,
causing thymine base pairs that are side by side to pair together, becoming thymine dimers.
These thymine dimers lead to cell death or cancer.
Which cancer does exercise have a convincing impact on reducing? - Correct Answers
Exercise-induced myokines cause apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Low healthcare literacy is recognized as a major risk factor in blood pressure control and has
been shown to have adverse effects on health outcomes.
true or false - Correct Answers TRUE
By providing pa ent educa on at the appropriate literacy level, improved health outcomes may
result.
One of the goals of the Na onal Ac on Plan to Improve Health Literacy is to incorporate
research and evidence-based plans of treatment from childhood through university-level
educa on in a manner consistent with an individual's literacy level.
True or false - Correct Answers True
Ensuring the individual can understand all elements of a treatment plan is crucial for
understanding and compliance.
What is a red flag for low healthcare literacy? - Correct Answers Low literacy o8en leads to
perceived noncompliance to medical instruc ons, including medica on instruc ons. Ensuring
the pa ent fully understands all instruc ons is cri cal for understanding.
Amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women with certain health histories.
Which health history would result in an amniocentesis recommenda on? - Correct Answers
Those who have a family history of gene c disorders
Studies have iden fied several genes that play a role in the preven on of obesity.
the Advanced Prac ce Nurse / Advanced
Pathophysiology for the Advanced Prac ce Nurse
Which type of gene c disease affects males more frequently than females? - Correct Answers
Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if the affected chromosome has
the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two condi ons are chromosomal abnormali es the leading known cause? - Correct
Answers Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome abnormali es are the
leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnos c studies? - Correct Answers Chorionic villus
sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplanta on gene c tes ng (PGT) are examples of
prenatal diagnos c studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a form of gene c tes ng that
provides gene c informa on found in utero and is usually performed between weeks 11 and 14
of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of gene c tes ng that evaluates amnio c fluid and is
usually performed during the second trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is
performed on the embryo prior to implanta on.
Which gene c disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one chromosome
with a normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a missing gene? - Correct
Answers Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is caused by a DNA dele on. This
term describes the cry o8en heard from a baby affected by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome
can present as a microcephalic, low birth-weight baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip genera ons? - Correct Answers The disease can be
transmi:ed through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an unaffected X
to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the disease because she
has the other X (the only X the father can give to a female) to cancel it out.
, Which type of risk is referred to as the ra o of the disease rate among the en re popula on to
the disease rate in an unexposed popula on? - Correct Answers Rela ve risk is a ra o of
probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most mul factorial diseases based on? - Correct Answers
Many factors from lifestyle to gene cs affect mul factorial diseases. Observa on and evalua on
of each case individually provides the most thorough and accurate assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. - Correct Answers The imprinted gene is the
silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflamma on and wound
healing? - Correct Answers The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's reserves to
fight against illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? - Correct Answers
Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria? - Correct Answers Macrophages work by ea ng or phagocytosing
bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? - Correct Answers Helper T cells
Which characteris c is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering
the an gen? - Correct Answers Immunogenicity is primarily based on the ability to recognize
something foreign.
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing an ABO
incompa bility? - Correct Answers The complement pathway is ac vated in response to blood
incompa bility.
What is the hypersensi vity reac on that causes atopic derma s? - Correct Answers An
immediate (type I) hypersensi vity reac on causes atopic derma s.
Which four infec ons are considered fungal infec ons? - Correct Answers Infec on with a
fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., neas, which refers to several skin
mycoses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which include candida and
aspergillus.
When is the earliest a8er sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect infec on? -
Correct Answers Lab tes ng can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days a8er sexual transmission,
whereas HIV an body tes ng may take 23 to 90 days to result in a posi ve test. Repeat tes ng
may be needed to rule out a false nega ve test due to tes ng too soon a8er exposure,
especially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
What is a characteris c of exotoxins? - Correct Answers Exotoxins are released during
bacterial growth.
Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon
cancer? - Correct Answers The results of decreased fat consump on have been widely studied
and have demonstrated a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
Which cancer is an individual who has worked with asbestos for over 40 years most likely to
develop? - Correct Answers Asbestos exposure results in an increased risk of lung and lung
lining cancer.
Which statement is true regarding ultraviolet (UV) light?
, The degree of damage is not affected by the light's wavelength. - Correct Answers UV light
causes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma when the UVB rays hit DNA strands,
causing thymine base pairs that are side by side to pair together, becoming thymine dimers.
These thymine dimers lead to cell death or cancer.
Which cancer does exercise have a convincing impact on reducing? - Correct Answers
Exercise-induced myokines cause apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Low healthcare literacy is recognized as a major risk factor in blood pressure control and has
been shown to have adverse effects on health outcomes.
true or false - Correct Answers TRUE
By providing pa ent educa on at the appropriate literacy level, improved health outcomes may
result.
One of the goals of the Na onal Ac on Plan to Improve Health Literacy is to incorporate
research and evidence-based plans of treatment from childhood through university-level
educa on in a manner consistent with an individual's literacy level.
True or false - Correct Answers True
Ensuring the individual can understand all elements of a treatment plan is crucial for
understanding and compliance.
What is a red flag for low healthcare literacy? - Correct Answers Low literacy o8en leads to
perceived noncompliance to medical instruc ons, including medica on instruc ons. Ensuring
the pa ent fully understands all instruc ons is cri cal for understanding.
Amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women with certain health histories.
Which health history would result in an amniocentesis recommenda on? - Correct Answers
Those who have a family history of gene c disorders
Studies have iden fied several genes that play a role in the preven on of obesity.
