clean needle technique HB kim book
skin and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum
stomach acid
healthy cells of the nose and lungs
normal mucus and saliva
nonspecific factors: tears, urine, acidity of vaginal secretions - answers✔✔natural barriers
autogenous infection and cross infection - answers✔✔types of infection
caused by pathogens that the patient is already carrying - answers✔✔autogenous infection
caused by pathogens acquired from another person - answers✔✔cross infection
transient and resident - answers✔✔two types of microorganism on the skin
those picked up from one patient and transferred to another patient
soap is sufficient for cleaning - answers✔✔transient organism
extra risk for immuno-compromised patient
germicidal soap must be used - answers✔✔resident organism
,the most serious contaminant found on the skin and on other surfaces - answers✔✔staphylococcus
the single most important action in preventing cross infection - answers✔✔handwashing
transmitted via fecal contaminated food and water - answers✔✔hepatitis A and E
transmitted via bood and or sexual exposure - answers✔✔hepatitis B C D (non B)
mainly due to poor sanitation and overcrowding
incubation period 15-50 days, abrupt onset with high fever to 100.4 F
other sx: loss of appetite, fatigue, fever, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting
2 weeks later: jaundice
most common in children and young adults, peak in autumn
individual with HAV cannot be reinfected
symptoms are mild, no chronic carrier states, HAV vaccination available. - answers✔✔hepatitis A (HAV)
bloodborne pathogen, most serious threat to health care workers.
due to IV users and high sexual activity, most common between 15 to 29 years age.
incubation period 45-160 days
, begins with mild flu like symtoms such as fever, malaise, insidious onset of anorexia, abdominal pain
other symptoms: chills, nausea, joint pains, rash and diarrhea
2-6 weels later: extreme fatigue and depression last for months
of these who recover from symptoms, 70 % remain infectious for 3 months or more.
6% are lifelong carriers and they may develop cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. of the chronic
carriers 15 % to 25 % die of liver disease
treatment: there is no biomedical treatment for HBV although an injection of HBIG (hepatitis b immune
globulin) immediately following exposure may provide protection in unvaccinated persons
3 injections of HBV vaccination is available, and it lasts for at least 20 years - answers✔✔hepatitis B
(HBV)
transmitted by exposure to contaminated blood. mostly found in adults
most common in transfusion associated hepatitis
most prevalent in IV drug users
No vaccine
skin and mucous membranes of the nose, throat, urethra, and rectum
stomach acid
healthy cells of the nose and lungs
normal mucus and saliva
nonspecific factors: tears, urine, acidity of vaginal secretions - answers✔✔natural barriers
autogenous infection and cross infection - answers✔✔types of infection
caused by pathogens that the patient is already carrying - answers✔✔autogenous infection
caused by pathogens acquired from another person - answers✔✔cross infection
transient and resident - answers✔✔two types of microorganism on the skin
those picked up from one patient and transferred to another patient
soap is sufficient for cleaning - answers✔✔transient organism
extra risk for immuno-compromised patient
germicidal soap must be used - answers✔✔resident organism
,the most serious contaminant found on the skin and on other surfaces - answers✔✔staphylococcus
the single most important action in preventing cross infection - answers✔✔handwashing
transmitted via fecal contaminated food and water - answers✔✔hepatitis A and E
transmitted via bood and or sexual exposure - answers✔✔hepatitis B C D (non B)
mainly due to poor sanitation and overcrowding
incubation period 15-50 days, abrupt onset with high fever to 100.4 F
other sx: loss of appetite, fatigue, fever, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting
2 weeks later: jaundice
most common in children and young adults, peak in autumn
individual with HAV cannot be reinfected
symptoms are mild, no chronic carrier states, HAV vaccination available. - answers✔✔hepatitis A (HAV)
bloodborne pathogen, most serious threat to health care workers.
due to IV users and high sexual activity, most common between 15 to 29 years age.
incubation period 45-160 days
, begins with mild flu like symtoms such as fever, malaise, insidious onset of anorexia, abdominal pain
other symptoms: chills, nausea, joint pains, rash and diarrhea
2-6 weels later: extreme fatigue and depression last for months
of these who recover from symptoms, 70 % remain infectious for 3 months or more.
6% are lifelong carriers and they may develop cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. of the chronic
carriers 15 % to 25 % die of liver disease
treatment: there is no biomedical treatment for HBV although an injection of HBIG (hepatitis b immune
globulin) immediately following exposure may provide protection in unvaccinated persons
3 injections of HBV vaccination is available, and it lasts for at least 20 years - answers✔✔hepatitis B
(HBV)
transmitted by exposure to contaminated blood. mostly found in adults
most common in transfusion associated hepatitis
most prevalent in IV drug users
No vaccine
