GALEN - HEALTH
ASSESSMENT EXAM 3
What does a murmur sound like? - CORRECT ANSWER -gentle, blowing, swooshing sound
When does S3 occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -when the ventricles are resistant to filling
during the rapid filling phase. Occurs directly after S2 (LUB duppa). It is a dull, soft sound;
and it is low pitched like "distant thunder". Best heard in a quiet room, at the apex, with the
bell held lightly and the patient in left lateral position.
When does S4 occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -At the end of diastole, at presystole, when the
ventricle is resistant to filling. The atria contract and push blood into a noncompliant
ventricle. S4 occurs just before S1 (daLUB dup). Very soft sound of very low pitch. You need a
good bell, it is best heard at the apex with patient in left lateral position.
What are some hemodynamic changes with aging? - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase in
systolic BP, increase of supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias, and in ECG.
Does the heart size decrease or increase with age? - CORRECT ANSWER -NEITHER the heart
size DOES NOT change.
Why might it be difficult to palpate the apical impulse of an older adult? - CORRECT
ANSWER -the chest often increases in anterior posterior diameter with aging
Is cardiovascular disease (CVD) a common cause of death? - CORRECT ANSWER -YES. CVD
is the most common underlying cause of death in the world
What are the four healthful factors of a favorable lifestyle? - CORRECT ANSWER -No
current smoking, no obesity, physical activity at least once per week, and a healthy diet.
,How does high blood pressure increase the risk of cardiovascular disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER -untreated hypertension causes direct damage to the arterial system and
accelerates the process of atherosclerosis; it increases the workload on the heart, and it
increases the oxygen demand on the heart already compromised by atherosclerosis.
Who has the highest rate of hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER -black Americans
How does smoking increase the risk of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -by increasing the oxygen
demand on the heart, while causing a concomitant decrease in oxygen supply, by an
activation of platelets and fibrinogen, and by an adverse change in the lipid profile.
How does Serum cholesterol increase the risk of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -High levels of
low-density lipoprotein add to the lipid core of plaque formation in coronary and carotid
arteries, which results in MI and stroke.
How much physical activity can reduce the risk for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -about 150
min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity
what gender has a higher risk of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -WOMEN. CVD is the LEADING
cause of death for women, claiming more lives than cancer, chronic lower respiratory
disease, and diabetes mellitus combined.
Why do women wait to seek care for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -Women experience
different symptoms than men. For example, men typically experience a crushing chest pain.
What are symptoms of acute cardiac syndrome (ACS)? - CORRECT ANSWER -discomfort
with the jaw or teeth, unusual fatigue, arm pain, and shortness of breath.
What are women more likely to report when experiencing ACS than men? - CORRECT
ANSWER -fatigue, nausea, right arm pain, jaw pain, dizziness, and syncope.
, What subjective data should you get from your patient when assessing the heart and neck
vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER -Are you experiencing any:
chest pain
dyspnea
orthopnea
cough
fatigue
cyanosis or pallor
edema
nocturia
past cardiac history/family history
patient centered care
When asking a patient about their chest pain, what should you also ask? - CORRECT
ANSWER -when did the pain start and have you had this pain before;
where is the pain and does it radiate to anywhere else;
what does it feel like? crushing, stabbing, burning, viselike, aching, heaviness;
What was the pain brought on by? emotions, environment, during sexual intercourse;
any associated symptoms? sweating, pale skin, etc;
what made pain worse/better?
Can chest pain have other origins? - CORRECT ANSWER -YES. Chest pain also many have
pulmonary, musculoskeletal, or gastrointestinal origin.
What is Dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER -shortness of breath
What is dyspnea on exertion (DOE)? - CORRECT ANSWER -quantify exactly. for example,
DOE after walking two level blocks.
ASSESSMENT EXAM 3
What does a murmur sound like? - CORRECT ANSWER -gentle, blowing, swooshing sound
When does S3 occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -when the ventricles are resistant to filling
during the rapid filling phase. Occurs directly after S2 (LUB duppa). It is a dull, soft sound;
and it is low pitched like "distant thunder". Best heard in a quiet room, at the apex, with the
bell held lightly and the patient in left lateral position.
When does S4 occur? - CORRECT ANSWER -At the end of diastole, at presystole, when the
ventricle is resistant to filling. The atria contract and push blood into a noncompliant
ventricle. S4 occurs just before S1 (daLUB dup). Very soft sound of very low pitch. You need a
good bell, it is best heard at the apex with patient in left lateral position.
What are some hemodynamic changes with aging? - CORRECT ANSWER -Increase in
systolic BP, increase of supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias, and in ECG.
Does the heart size decrease or increase with age? - CORRECT ANSWER -NEITHER the heart
size DOES NOT change.
Why might it be difficult to palpate the apical impulse of an older adult? - CORRECT
ANSWER -the chest often increases in anterior posterior diameter with aging
Is cardiovascular disease (CVD) a common cause of death? - CORRECT ANSWER -YES. CVD
is the most common underlying cause of death in the world
What are the four healthful factors of a favorable lifestyle? - CORRECT ANSWER -No
current smoking, no obesity, physical activity at least once per week, and a healthy diet.
,How does high blood pressure increase the risk of cardiovascular disease? - CORRECT
ANSWER -untreated hypertension causes direct damage to the arterial system and
accelerates the process of atherosclerosis; it increases the workload on the heart, and it
increases the oxygen demand on the heart already compromised by atherosclerosis.
Who has the highest rate of hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER -black Americans
How does smoking increase the risk of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -by increasing the oxygen
demand on the heart, while causing a concomitant decrease in oxygen supply, by an
activation of platelets and fibrinogen, and by an adverse change in the lipid profile.
How does Serum cholesterol increase the risk of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -High levels of
low-density lipoprotein add to the lipid core of plaque formation in coronary and carotid
arteries, which results in MI and stroke.
How much physical activity can reduce the risk for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -about 150
min/week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity
what gender has a higher risk of CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -WOMEN. CVD is the LEADING
cause of death for women, claiming more lives than cancer, chronic lower respiratory
disease, and diabetes mellitus combined.
Why do women wait to seek care for CVD? - CORRECT ANSWER -Women experience
different symptoms than men. For example, men typically experience a crushing chest pain.
What are symptoms of acute cardiac syndrome (ACS)? - CORRECT ANSWER -discomfort
with the jaw or teeth, unusual fatigue, arm pain, and shortness of breath.
What are women more likely to report when experiencing ACS than men? - CORRECT
ANSWER -fatigue, nausea, right arm pain, jaw pain, dizziness, and syncope.
, What subjective data should you get from your patient when assessing the heart and neck
vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER -Are you experiencing any:
chest pain
dyspnea
orthopnea
cough
fatigue
cyanosis or pallor
edema
nocturia
past cardiac history/family history
patient centered care
When asking a patient about their chest pain, what should you also ask? - CORRECT
ANSWER -when did the pain start and have you had this pain before;
where is the pain and does it radiate to anywhere else;
what does it feel like? crushing, stabbing, burning, viselike, aching, heaviness;
What was the pain brought on by? emotions, environment, during sexual intercourse;
any associated symptoms? sweating, pale skin, etc;
what made pain worse/better?
Can chest pain have other origins? - CORRECT ANSWER -YES. Chest pain also many have
pulmonary, musculoskeletal, or gastrointestinal origin.
What is Dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER -shortness of breath
What is dyspnea on exertion (DOE)? - CORRECT ANSWER -quantify exactly. for example,
DOE after walking two level blocks.
