TNCC final exam with verified questions
and answers latest updated
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. -
Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - 35-45
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - Subdural
and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness
and nausea. - Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? -
Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - Constriction d/t low CO2
Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - Fixed and dilated
Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - small; large
Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - large
Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - Increasing ICP
Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - Mild = 13-15
Moderate = 9-12
Severe = 3-8
, Goal value for ICP - <15
Goal value for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - >60
Le Fort Fracture - Fracture of the maxilla
What decrease ICP by decreasing cellular edema? - Osmotic diuretics (such as 3%
saline and mannitol)
Becks Triad is a sign of what? And includes what three symptoms? - Cardiac
Tamponade;
1. Hypotension
2. JVD
3. Muffled heart sounds
What is pulsus paradoxus? And what is it a sign of? - Drop in blood pressure with
inspiration, sign of cardiac tamponade
Tachycarida, weak pulses, hypotension, cool periphery, delayed cap refill, anxiety and
agitation are signs of what type of shock? Seen with what? - Obstructive Shock; Cardiac
Tamponade
Persistent blood loss following chest tube insertion is a sign of what? - Hemothorax
Ipsilateral diminished breath sounds and chest movement is a sign of what? -
Hemothorax
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the
outcome of resuscitation? - Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
vasculature? - Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? -
Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? -
Compartment Syndrome
and answers latest updated
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. -
Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - 35-45
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - Subdural
and Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness
and nausea. - Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? -
Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - Constriction d/t low CO2
Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - Fixed and dilated
Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - small; large
Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - large
Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - Increasing ICP
Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - Mild = 13-15
Moderate = 9-12
Severe = 3-8
, Goal value for ICP - <15
Goal value for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - >60
Le Fort Fracture - Fracture of the maxilla
What decrease ICP by decreasing cellular edema? - Osmotic diuretics (such as 3%
saline and mannitol)
Becks Triad is a sign of what? And includes what three symptoms? - Cardiac
Tamponade;
1. Hypotension
2. JVD
3. Muffled heart sounds
What is pulsus paradoxus? And what is it a sign of? - Drop in blood pressure with
inspiration, sign of cardiac tamponade
Tachycarida, weak pulses, hypotension, cool periphery, delayed cap refill, anxiety and
agitation are signs of what type of shock? Seen with what? - Obstructive Shock; Cardiac
Tamponade
Persistent blood loss following chest tube insertion is a sign of what? - Hemothorax
Ipsilateral diminished breath sounds and chest movement is a sign of what? -
Hemothorax
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the
outcome of resuscitation? - Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
vasculature? - Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? -
Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? -
Compartment Syndrome
