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NU 327 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: What is the main goal of the circulatory system?, 🗹🗹: transport oxygen and
nutrients and the removal of metabolic waste products within the body
Q: Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?, 🗹🗹: the lungs
Q: Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?, 🗹🗹: systemically
Q: Systemic circulation, 🗹🗹: Left ventricle to aortic valve pumps oxygenated blood
into the aorta, smaller arteries and arterioles, goes to the venules and veins and is
deoxygenated blood to right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle to pulmonary valve
Q: How many liters of blood goes through the circuit each minute?, 🗹🗹: 5
Q: What is the principle tissue of the aorta, arteries and arterioles?, 🗹🗹: smooth
muscle
Q: What are the capillaries made up of?, 🗹🗹: single layer of endothelial cells
Q: What is the principle tissue of the venules, veins and superior vena cava?, 🗹🗹:
connective tissue
Q: What do the lymphatics do?, 🗹🗹: -vessels begin blindly(not in a circuit)
-reabsorbs fluid that leaks out of vascular space (lymph)
, Page | 2
Q: What is the intima?, 🗹🗹: -layer of endothelial cells
-direct contact with blood
-want it to be smooth, larger than the artery
-valves keep the flow going in one direction and do not let it back flow
Q: What is the media?, 🗹🗹: -middle layer
-smooth muscle and elastin
-thicker in arteries
Q: What is the adventitia?, 🗹🗹: -outer layer
-supportive connective tissue
Q: What is extrinsic blood flow?, 🗹🗹: -vasoconstriction
-sympathetic nervous system
-norepinephrine
Q: What is intrinsic blood flow?, 🗹🗹: -autoregulation
-maintaining a constant flow regardless of changes in arterial pressure
Q: What should the mean arterial pressure be and what is the formula?, 🗹🗹: -at least
60
-Diastolic BP times 2 + Systolic and divide by 3
Q: What are blood clots composed of?, 🗹🗹: -aggregated platelets
-clotting factors
-fibrin
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Q: Where do blood clots form?, 🗹🗹: -chambers of the heart
-arterial or venous peripheral circulatory systems
Q: What do arterial blood clots do?, 🗹🗹: -may reduce flow (turbulence)
-distal ischemia
Q: What do venous blood clots do?, 🗹🗹: -clot alters venous return
-impairs removal of metabolic waste
-produces edema
Q: What does arterial blood flow do?, 🗹🗹: sends oxygenated blood to all the organs
Q: What does venous blood flow do?, 🗹🗹: returns deoxygenated blood back to the
heart
Q: What are clinical manifestations of arterial blood clots?, 🗹🗹: -intermittent
claudication
-cool to touch
-cyanotic
-arterial ulcer
Q: What are clinical manifestations of venous blood clots?, 🗹🗹: -may be
asymptomatic to life threatening
-calf or groin tenderness
-edema
-increased skin temperature
-homan sign (10%)
, Page | 4
Q: What are treatments for a thrombus?, 🗹🗹: -oral or perenteral anticoagulants
-drugs to block platelet aggregation
-antiembolic stockings
-sequential compression devices
-early ambulation
-removal of the thrombus
Q: A traveling blood clot from the aorta causes:, 🗹🗹: a stroke
Q: A traveling blood clot from the right heart causes:, 🗹🗹: a pulmonary embolism
Q: What are clinical manifestations of a traveling blood clot(embolus)?, 🗹🗹: -
ischemic stroke
-sudden onset shortness of breath
-increased respiratory rate
-chest pain
-sudden death
Q: What is a vasospasm?, 🗹🗹: -sudden constriction of smooth muscle
-angina
-cause unknown
-environmental factors
Q: What is vasculitis?, 🗹🗹: inflammation of an artery
Q: What is phlebitis?, 🗹🗹: inflammation of a vein
NU 327 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Expert Solutions)
Q: What is the main goal of the circulatory system?, 🗹🗹: transport oxygen and
nutrients and the removal of metabolic waste products within the body
Q: Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?, 🗹🗹: the lungs
Q: Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?, 🗹🗹: systemically
Q: Systemic circulation, 🗹🗹: Left ventricle to aortic valve pumps oxygenated blood
into the aorta, smaller arteries and arterioles, goes to the venules and veins and is
deoxygenated blood to right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle to pulmonary valve
Q: How many liters of blood goes through the circuit each minute?, 🗹🗹: 5
Q: What is the principle tissue of the aorta, arteries and arterioles?, 🗹🗹: smooth
muscle
Q: What are the capillaries made up of?, 🗹🗹: single layer of endothelial cells
Q: What is the principle tissue of the venules, veins and superior vena cava?, 🗹🗹:
connective tissue
Q: What do the lymphatics do?, 🗹🗹: -vessels begin blindly(not in a circuit)
-reabsorbs fluid that leaks out of vascular space (lymph)
, Page | 2
Q: What is the intima?, 🗹🗹: -layer of endothelial cells
-direct contact with blood
-want it to be smooth, larger than the artery
-valves keep the flow going in one direction and do not let it back flow
Q: What is the media?, 🗹🗹: -middle layer
-smooth muscle and elastin
-thicker in arteries
Q: What is the adventitia?, 🗹🗹: -outer layer
-supportive connective tissue
Q: What is extrinsic blood flow?, 🗹🗹: -vasoconstriction
-sympathetic nervous system
-norepinephrine
Q: What is intrinsic blood flow?, 🗹🗹: -autoregulation
-maintaining a constant flow regardless of changes in arterial pressure
Q: What should the mean arterial pressure be and what is the formula?, 🗹🗹: -at least
60
-Diastolic BP times 2 + Systolic and divide by 3
Q: What are blood clots composed of?, 🗹🗹: -aggregated platelets
-clotting factors
-fibrin
, Page | 3
Q: Where do blood clots form?, 🗹🗹: -chambers of the heart
-arterial or venous peripheral circulatory systems
Q: What do arterial blood clots do?, 🗹🗹: -may reduce flow (turbulence)
-distal ischemia
Q: What do venous blood clots do?, 🗹🗹: -clot alters venous return
-impairs removal of metabolic waste
-produces edema
Q: What does arterial blood flow do?, 🗹🗹: sends oxygenated blood to all the organs
Q: What does venous blood flow do?, 🗹🗹: returns deoxygenated blood back to the
heart
Q: What are clinical manifestations of arterial blood clots?, 🗹🗹: -intermittent
claudication
-cool to touch
-cyanotic
-arterial ulcer
Q: What are clinical manifestations of venous blood clots?, 🗹🗹: -may be
asymptomatic to life threatening
-calf or groin tenderness
-edema
-increased skin temperature
-homan sign (10%)
, Page | 4
Q: What are treatments for a thrombus?, 🗹🗹: -oral or perenteral anticoagulants
-drugs to block platelet aggregation
-antiembolic stockings
-sequential compression devices
-early ambulation
-removal of the thrombus
Q: A traveling blood clot from the aorta causes:, 🗹🗹: a stroke
Q: A traveling blood clot from the right heart causes:, 🗹🗹: a pulmonary embolism
Q: What are clinical manifestations of a traveling blood clot(embolus)?, 🗹🗹: -
ischemic stroke
-sudden onset shortness of breath
-increased respiratory rate
-chest pain
-sudden death
Q: What is a vasospasm?, 🗹🗹: -sudden constriction of smooth muscle
-angina
-cause unknown
-environmental factors
Q: What is vasculitis?, 🗹🗹: inflammation of an artery
Q: What is phlebitis?, 🗹🗹: inflammation of a vein
