FINAL MIDTERM EXAM: NR 507
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, 2025/2026
(CHAMBERLAIN) WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
Which of the following are considered the " first responders " of the innate
immune system ? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Neutrophils
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? -
CORRECT ANSWERS- Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pregnancy
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: - CORRECT ANSWERS-
urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increase
water consumption
,Uncomplicated UTI - CORRECT ANSWERS- Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
Complicated UTI - CORRECT ANSWERS- UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and
frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her
gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new
information reported is that she recently had sexual intercourse with a new male
partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes,
RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation
and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with: - CORRECT ANSWERS- cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently
became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago.
Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for
evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the patient was very
dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and appropriate intravenous fluids
started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis. He was also noted to have
red and excoriated skin between the buttocks and inner thighs due to urinary
frequency and dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent further urine
leakage, an indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was
,placed, the patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with
shaking chills. An intense, foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the
flank area, the patient yelled out when touched. A urine c - CORRECT ANSWERS-
pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with pyelonephritis: -
CORRECT ANSWERS- indwelling foley catheter
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts -
CORRECT ANSWERS- true
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the causative
bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of: - CORRECT ANSWERS-
nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of urinary
urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal
discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform a vaginal exam
at this visit. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because: - CORRECT ANSWERS- The UTI responds well to a short course of
antibiotic therapy.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include: - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
, E coli
The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encountered
during urination. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
true
On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would be
concerned with which of the following findings? - CORRECT ANSWERS- hard
nodule
There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to
develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
false
The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when: - CORRECT ANSWERS-
The prostatic urethra becomes obstructed.
Irritative symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS- urinary frequency
nocturia
urgency that results from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
obstructive symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS- incomplete emptying
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, 2025/2026
(CHAMBERLAIN) WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
Which of the following are considered the " first responders " of the innate
immune system ? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Neutrophils
Which of the following is true regarding a complicated urinary tract infection? -
CORRECT ANSWERS- Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of a urinary tract
infection (UTI)? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Pregnancy
A symptom of a lower urinary tract infection includes: - CORRECT ANSWERS-
urgency
Women are at a higher risk for the development of a UTI because of having a
shorter urethra. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
Which of the following can help to prevent a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Increase
water consumption
,Uncomplicated UTI - CORRECT ANSWERS- Occurs in the normal urinary tract
Responds well to short course of antibiotic therapy
Simple cystitis in non-pregnant women without any urologic abnormalities
Complicated UTI - CORRECT ANSWERS- UTI extends beyond the bladder
Caused by structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities or untreated UTI
Infants and older adults affected
Associated with: indwelling catheters, renal calculi, diabetes, pregnancy
A 25 year- old female presents to the primary care office with urinary burning and
frequency for the last 3 days. She denies any fever, chills, back pain. Her
gynecological history is negative and reports no vaginal discharge. The only new
information reported is that she recently had sexual intercourse with a new male
partner.
The NP obtains a urinalysis and determines that the urine contains leukocytes,
RBCs, nitrites, and WBCs. No casts are identified. Based on symptom presentation
and UA results, the patient can be diagnosed with: - CORRECT ANSWERS- cystitis
J.S. is an 80 -year-old patient who resides in a local nursing home. He recently
became confused and then fell while ambulating to the bathroom three days ago.
Because of his confusion and fall, he was transferred to the acute care facility for
evaluation and treatment. Lab work revealed that the patient was very
dehydrated with hypernatremia identified and appropriate intravenous fluids
started. Cystitis was also identified from the urinalysis. He was also noted to have
red and excoriated skin between the buttocks and inner thighs due to urinary
frequency and dribbling. To help with skin healing and to prevent further urine
leakage, an indwelling catheter was inserted. Two days after the catheter was
,placed, the patient spiked a fever of 102 degrees Fahrenheit associated with
shaking chills. An intense, foul odor was noted in the urine. On examination of the
flank area, the patient yelled out when touched. A urine c - CORRECT ANSWERS-
pyelonephritis
Identify the major risk factor J.S. has that is associated with pyelonephritis: -
CORRECT ANSWERS- indwelling foley catheter
The urinalysis of a patient with a complicated UTI will show WBCs and casts -
CORRECT ANSWERS- true
Upon examination of a urinalysis, the NP can highly suspect that the causative
bacteria are gram negative because of the presence of: - CORRECT ANSWERS-
nitrites
A 21-year-old patient reports to the primary care clinic complaining of urinary
urgency, frequency and burning. She also reports a small amount of vaginal
discharge that contains an odor. It is likely that the NP will perform a vaginal exam
at this visit. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
The NP would know that the patient most likely has an uncomplicated UTI
because: - CORRECT ANSWERS- The UTI responds well to a short course of
antibiotic therapy.
A common organism that causes a urinary tract infection include: - CORRECT
ANSWERS- Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
, E coli
The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encountered
during urination. - CORRECT ANSWERS- true
The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
true
On a digital rectal exam to assess the quality of the prostate, the NP would be
concerned with which of the following findings? - CORRECT ANSWERS- hard
nodule
There is a significant risk for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to
develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer. - CORRECT ANSWERS-
false
The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when: - CORRECT ANSWERS-
The prostatic urethra becomes obstructed.
Irritative symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS- urinary frequency
nocturia
urgency that results from bladder hypertrophy and dysfunction
obstructive symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS- incomplete emptying
