CCI ECHO REVIEW UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterior and medial/
septal
Posterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? - CORRECT ANSWER - Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: - CORRECT ANSWER - EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER - EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? - CORRECT ANSWER - End -
systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Can be seen in Apical 4
chamber w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? - CORRECT ANSWER - Angle Medial and
Inferior from Aortic Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? - CORRECT ANSWER - Angle Lateral and
Superior from Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? - CORRECT ANSWER - RA
,Where is the aortic isthmus located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Area between the left
subclavian and the ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most
common area of dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER - RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? - CORRECT ANSWER - IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? - CORRECT ANSWER - No- Moderator
band is located in the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? - CORRECT ANSWER - From the lower
intraventricular septum to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Posterior
Also psterior medial papillary muscle
Single blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta - CORRECT
ANSWER - The coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary
sinus is dilated, it can be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view? - CORRECT
ANSWER - From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to
visualize the coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
,Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the descending aorta? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and
anterior to the descending aorta.
Pleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? - CORRECT ANSWER - Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located
between the LA and LV walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the
coronary sinus can sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
coronary sinus dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if each leaflet. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle.
It has three leaflets: anterior, posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets.
The names reflect the anatomical relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is
connected to the septal wall. It's insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the
anterior mitral valve leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? - CORRECT ANSWER - Often
referred to as 2 main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies directly upon external
surface of the heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium. The parietal or fibrous
pericardium is the thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between the two layers.
Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. - CORRECT ANSWER - The three major
coronary arteries are the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the circumflex arteries
, The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - The heart tube loops
ANTERIORLY and RIGHTWARD at day 22
The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ - CORRECT
ANSWER - Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices - CORRECT
ANSWER - Endocardial cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and becomes the
_______ - CORRECT ANSWER - Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Foreman ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion rushes in first
and which ion rushes in later? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sodium is a rest
* Calcium is 2nd and responsible for contraction
Where is a subaortic membrane (DSS) located? - CORRECT ANSWER - just below the
Aortic Valve
Tricuspid Valve leaflets seen in the PSAX-Aortic valve - CORRECT ANSWER - Medial
(septal)
Anterior
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterior and medial/
septal
Posterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? - CORRECT ANSWER - Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: - CORRECT ANSWER - EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume - CORRECT ANSWER - EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? - CORRECT ANSWER - End -
systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Can be seen in Apical 4
chamber w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? - CORRECT ANSWER - Angle Medial and
Inferior from Aortic Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? - CORRECT ANSWER - Angle Lateral and
Superior from Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? - CORRECT ANSWER - RA
,Where is the aortic isthmus located? - CORRECT ANSWER - Area between the left
subclavian and the ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most
common area of dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? - CORRECT ANSWER - RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ - CORRECT ANSWER - anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? - CORRECT ANSWER - IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? - CORRECT ANSWER - No- Moderator
band is located in the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? - CORRECT ANSWER - From the lower
intraventricular septum to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Posterior
Also psterior medial papillary muscle
Single blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? - CORRECT ANSWER - Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta - CORRECT
ANSWER - The coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary
sinus is dilated, it can be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view? - CORRECT
ANSWER - From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to
visualize the coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
,Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the descending aorta? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and
anterior to the descending aorta.
Pleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? - CORRECT ANSWER - Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located
between the LA and LV walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the
coronary sinus can sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
coronary sinus dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if each leaflet. -
CORRECT ANSWER - Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle.
It has three leaflets: anterior, posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets.
The names reflect the anatomical relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is
connected to the septal wall. It's insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the
anterior mitral valve leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? - CORRECT ANSWER - Often
referred to as 2 main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies directly upon external
surface of the heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium. The parietal or fibrous
pericardium is the thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between the two layers.
Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. - CORRECT ANSWER - The three major
coronary arteries are the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the circumflex arteries
, The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ - CORRECT ANSWER - The heart tube loops
ANTERIORLY and RIGHTWARD at day 22
The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ - CORRECT
ANSWER - Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices - CORRECT
ANSWER - Endocardial cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and becomes the
_______ - CORRECT ANSWER - Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Foreman ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion rushes in first
and which ion rushes in later? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sodium is a rest
* Calcium is 2nd and responsible for contraction
Where is a subaortic membrane (DSS) located? - CORRECT ANSWER - just below the
Aortic Valve
Tricuspid Valve leaflets seen in the PSAX-Aortic valve - CORRECT ANSWER - Medial
(septal)
Anterior
