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MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO 2025
UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
MI - correct answer- Death of myocardium from sudden
blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - correct answer- unstable
plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation
cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10
seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - correct answer-
hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - correct answer- EKG (STEMI) or
elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - correct
answer- elevated CK MB, Troponin
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Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - correct
answer- Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after
myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart
muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -
correct answer- ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - correct answer- injury that occurs
after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion
injury? - correct answer- as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in
contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - correct answer-
RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic
cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - correct answer- Essential or
idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts
for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
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what is secondary hypertension? - correct answer- Elevated
BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP
meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -
correct answer- persistent hypertension leads to ventricular
hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - correct
answer- stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - correct answer- volume of blood in ventricles
at end of diastole
what is afterload? - correct answer- peripheral resistance
against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - correct answer- overwork left ventricle
due to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart
and decreases CO.
MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO 2025
UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
MI - correct answer- Death of myocardium from sudden
blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - correct answer- unstable
plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation
cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10
seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - correct answer-
hypoxia as cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - correct answer- EKG (STEMI) or
elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - correct
answer- elevated CK MB, Troponin
,2 | Page
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - correct
answer- Release of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after
myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged heart
muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -
correct answer- ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - correct answer- injury that occurs
after oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion
injury? - correct answer- as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in
contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - correct answer-
RAS causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic
cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - correct answer- Essential or
idiopathic, elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts
for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
, 3 | Page
what is secondary hypertension? - correct answer- Elevated
BP, labile BP; related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP
meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -
correct answer- persistent hypertension leads to ventricular
hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - correct
answer- stroke, ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - correct answer- volume of blood in ventricles
at end of diastole
what is afterload? - correct answer- peripheral resistance
against which the left ventricle must pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - correct answer- overwork left ventricle
due to increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart
and decreases CO.
