HUMAN BIOLOGY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
What is the "point" of cellular respiration? - ANSWER-To make bunches of ATP
Why is molecular oxygen necessary? - ANSWER-To fully extract energy from our
food
Explain why molecular oxygen is necessary by stating why its legitimate to think of
this process as being akin to electricity. - ANSWER-Hydrogen electrons from
glucose or fatty acids, etc. are passed from one protein to another and eventually to
oxygen. This flow of electrons can be thought of as being driven by oxygen pulling
these electrons down a "power line" made of the proteins embedded in inner
mambrane of mitochondria
If glucose, fatty acids, and ketones are the molecules from which we extract energy
to live, why do we consider ATP our ultimate energy molecule? - ANSWER-Energy
is the capacity to do work, and work is the movement or rearrangement of matter, so
the fact that ATP changes the shape of molecules and causes them to move means
that ATP functions as energy
Why is it misleading (and incomplete) to say that plants breath carbon dioxide and
that peope breathe oxygen? - ANSWER-People and plants that live on land breath
air, and airid made of nitrogen, oxygen, and other molecules, including carbon
dioxide
Why is it incorrect and misleading to say that plants photosynthesize to make oxygen
for people? - ANSWER-Plants photosynthesize becaue they have chlorophylls and
other molecules that cause them to photozynthesize. If a person insists on
personifying plants, then one could say that plants photosynthesize to make food for
themselves. Oxygen is simply a waste by- product of the process that both plants
and animlas use in cellular respiration
What causes discomfort when holding ones breathe and the inevitable muscle
contractions that force one to breathe? - ANSWER-Build up of CO2 in the blood
What causes the buildup of CO2 in the blood? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration
What would eventually kill us if nothing else did? Why? - ANSWER-Oxygen,
becuase it damages our proteins and DNA when it steals electrons from them or
when it creates "free radicals" that steal electrons from our proteins and DNA
Name and identify the different parts of our digestive system (only the parts named
in class) - ANSWER-Mouth, stomach, small intestines, pancreas, liver, and gall
bladder
, How do these polysaccharides differ from each other, if they are nothing more than
chains of glucose? - ANSWER-They differ in how their glucose units are linked
together
What polysaccharides do we consume when we eat meat or liver? - ANSWER-
Glycogen
Which polysaccharides are made by plants and make up the tissue of plants? -
ANSWER-Starch and cellulose
Which polysaccharides can we digest and thus use for energy? - ANSWER-
Glycogen and starch
Which polysaccharides serve as "fiber" or what some call "bulk" in our diets? Can we
digest and extract energy from this molecule? Why or why not? - ANSWER-
Cellulose. No, we cant digest cellulose, therefore we cant extract energy from it.
Because we dont have the enzyme needed to break the kind of bond that links its
glucose units together.
What two molecules do people make to store excess energy (particullarly, glucose)
they've eaten? - ANSWER-Glycogen and triglyceride
Which of these two molecules is made first if a person consumes more glucose than
needed? When is the second made? - ANSWER-Glycogen is made first, triglyceride
is made after
Which parts of our bady makes and stores glycogen? - ANSWER-Liver and muscles
What part of our body makes triglyceride out of excess sugar? - ANSWER-Liver
Is all of the triglyceride stored in our body made from sugar we eat? Explain -
ANSWER-No. Someof the triglycerides we store are made from the fats eat
What is the name of the process that allows our cells to extract energy from our
food? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration
In what parts of our digestive system do enzynes carry out chemical digestion? -
ANSWER-Mouth, stomach, and small intestine
Where does most enzyme- based digestion occur? - ANSWER-Small intestine
Which organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine? - ANSWER-
Pancreas
What is bile made by? - ANSWER-The liver
Where is bile stored? - ANSWER-The gall bladder
Where is bile secreted? - ANSWER-The small intestine
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
What is the "point" of cellular respiration? - ANSWER-To make bunches of ATP
Why is molecular oxygen necessary? - ANSWER-To fully extract energy from our
food
Explain why molecular oxygen is necessary by stating why its legitimate to think of
this process as being akin to electricity. - ANSWER-Hydrogen electrons from
glucose or fatty acids, etc. are passed from one protein to another and eventually to
oxygen. This flow of electrons can be thought of as being driven by oxygen pulling
these electrons down a "power line" made of the proteins embedded in inner
mambrane of mitochondria
If glucose, fatty acids, and ketones are the molecules from which we extract energy
to live, why do we consider ATP our ultimate energy molecule? - ANSWER-Energy
is the capacity to do work, and work is the movement or rearrangement of matter, so
the fact that ATP changes the shape of molecules and causes them to move means
that ATP functions as energy
Why is it misleading (and incomplete) to say that plants breath carbon dioxide and
that peope breathe oxygen? - ANSWER-People and plants that live on land breath
air, and airid made of nitrogen, oxygen, and other molecules, including carbon
dioxide
Why is it incorrect and misleading to say that plants photosynthesize to make oxygen
for people? - ANSWER-Plants photosynthesize becaue they have chlorophylls and
other molecules that cause them to photozynthesize. If a person insists on
personifying plants, then one could say that plants photosynthesize to make food for
themselves. Oxygen is simply a waste by- product of the process that both plants
and animlas use in cellular respiration
What causes discomfort when holding ones breathe and the inevitable muscle
contractions that force one to breathe? - ANSWER-Build up of CO2 in the blood
What causes the buildup of CO2 in the blood? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration
What would eventually kill us if nothing else did? Why? - ANSWER-Oxygen,
becuase it damages our proteins and DNA when it steals electrons from them or
when it creates "free radicals" that steal electrons from our proteins and DNA
Name and identify the different parts of our digestive system (only the parts named
in class) - ANSWER-Mouth, stomach, small intestines, pancreas, liver, and gall
bladder
, How do these polysaccharides differ from each other, if they are nothing more than
chains of glucose? - ANSWER-They differ in how their glucose units are linked
together
What polysaccharides do we consume when we eat meat or liver? - ANSWER-
Glycogen
Which polysaccharides are made by plants and make up the tissue of plants? -
ANSWER-Starch and cellulose
Which polysaccharides can we digest and thus use for energy? - ANSWER-
Glycogen and starch
Which polysaccharides serve as "fiber" or what some call "bulk" in our diets? Can we
digest and extract energy from this molecule? Why or why not? - ANSWER-
Cellulose. No, we cant digest cellulose, therefore we cant extract energy from it.
Because we dont have the enzyme needed to break the kind of bond that links its
glucose units together.
What two molecules do people make to store excess energy (particullarly, glucose)
they've eaten? - ANSWER-Glycogen and triglyceride
Which of these two molecules is made first if a person consumes more glucose than
needed? When is the second made? - ANSWER-Glycogen is made first, triglyceride
is made after
Which parts of our bady makes and stores glycogen? - ANSWER-Liver and muscles
What part of our body makes triglyceride out of excess sugar? - ANSWER-Liver
Is all of the triglyceride stored in our body made from sugar we eat? Explain -
ANSWER-No. Someof the triglycerides we store are made from the fats eat
What is the name of the process that allows our cells to extract energy from our
food? - ANSWER-Cellular respiration
In what parts of our digestive system do enzynes carry out chemical digestion? -
ANSWER-Mouth, stomach, and small intestine
Where does most enzyme- based digestion occur? - ANSWER-Small intestine
Which organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine? - ANSWER-
Pancreas
What is bile made by? - ANSWER-The liver
Where is bile stored? - ANSWER-The gall bladder
Where is bile secreted? - ANSWER-The small intestine
