PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - BIOD331 - MODULE 2 (NEW 2025/ 2026
UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A|
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- PORTAGE LEARNING
What is cancer? - (
Answer-)The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? - (
Answer-)"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in
the body
What is neoplasm? - (
Answer-)The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with and -(
Answer-)Hypertrophy
and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to (4 words) -
(
Answer-)Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - (
Answer-)Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - (
Answer-)Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to replace old
cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - (
Answer-)Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation? - (
Answer-)Process by which cells become more specialized with each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - (
Answer-)Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - (
Answer-)Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? - (
Answer-)Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when
necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein
,synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one for
each daughter cell
,What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as -(
Answer-)Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints? - (
Answer-)Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to
the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next. - (
Answer-)Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? - (
Answer-)G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - (
Answer-)1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? - (
Answer-)Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - (
Answer-)Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until
prompted. - (
Answer-)Blood loss or tissue injury
Define cell proliferation - (
Answer-)Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is to
the number of cells dying or being shed. - (
Answer-)Equivalent
When considering cell proliferation, human cells fall within one of these two
categories: - (
Answer-)1. Gametes (ovum and sperm)
2. Somatic (non-reproductive cells)
, Gametes are -(
Answer-)Haploids
What is a haploid? - (
Answer-)A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
UPDATE) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS| GRADE A|
100% CORRECT (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)- PORTAGE LEARNING
What is cancer? - (
Answer-)The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? - (
Answer-)"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells or tissues in
the body
What is neoplasm? - (
Answer-)The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with and -(
Answer-)Hypertrophy
and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to (4 words) -
(
Answer-)Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - (
Answer-)Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - (
Answer-)Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell growth to replace old
cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - (
Answer-)Genetic abnormalities
What is differentiation? - (
Answer-)Process by which cells become more specialized with each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - (
Answer-)Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - (
Answer-)Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? - (
Answer-)Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell growth and signal (when
necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges and both RNA and protein
,synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate sets of chromosomes one for
each daughter cell
,What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)DNA synthesis again stops while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as -(
Answer-)Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints? - (
Answer-)Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to
the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - (
Answer-)Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next. - (
Answer-)Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? - (
Answer-)G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - (
Answer-)1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? - (
Answer-)Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - (
Answer-)Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until
prompted. - (
Answer-)Blood loss or tissue injury
Define cell proliferation - (
Answer-)Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is to
the number of cells dying or being shed. - (
Answer-)Equivalent
When considering cell proliferation, human cells fall within one of these two
categories: - (
Answer-)1. Gametes (ovum and sperm)
2. Somatic (non-reproductive cells)
, Gametes are -(
Answer-)Haploids
What is a haploid? - (
Answer-)A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
