NSG 533 Module 2 + 3 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Total amount of sodium in the body - ....ANSWER ...-Responsible for ECF
volume
Total amount of water in the body - ....ANSWER ...-responsible for extracellular
sodium concentration
ADH secretion - ....ANSWER ...-initiated by a change in plasma osmolality or
decreases circulating blood volume/blood pressure
Osmoreceptors - ....ANSWER ...-changes in plasma osmolality stimulate these in
the hypothalamus
Serum osmolality is calculated as: - ....ANSWER ...-2 x (sodium concentration) +
(glucose concentration/18) + (BUN/2.8)
osmolality - ....ANSWER ...-deterred by the total solute concentration in a fluid
compartment
tonicity - ....ANSWER ...-ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to
generate an osmotic deriving force that causes water movement form one compartment
to another
effective osmoles - ....ANSWER ...-solutes capable of changing the tonicity; e.g.
sodium, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 1
, ineffective osmoles - ....ANSWER ...-urea
normal body fluid osmolality - ....ANSWER ...-280-294 mOsm/kg
hypertonic - ....ANSWER ...-volume depletion or volume excess with increased
osmolality
Fluid Volume Deficit - ....ANSWER ...-Hypovolemia, water deprivation -
confusion, coma, inability to communicate, loss of thirst, water loss - diarrhea, diabetes
insipid, excessive diuresis.
Clinical manifestations of hypovolemia - ....ANSWER ...-dehydration - thirst,
headache, dryness of skin, decreased urinary output, elevated temp, weight loss, rapid
heard rate, flattened neck veins, weak pulse
treatment for hypovolemia - ....ANSWER ...-give water/stop fluid loss, give slowly,
If IV dextrose 5% in water.
fluid volume excess - ....ANSWER ...-hypervolemia, due to compulsive water
drinking, renal failure, congestive heart fails, cirrhosis
clinical manifestations of hypervolemia - ....ANSWER ...-cerebral edema with
confusions and convulsions, weakness, nausea, muscle twitching, headache and weight
gain
treatment for hypervolemia - ....ANSWER ...-withhold fluids for 24 hrs and then 3%
sodium chloride
hypernatremia causes - ....ANSWER ...-excessive hypertonic salt solutions,
hyperaldoesteronism, Cushing syndrome, loss of wate, Na+ level >145
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 2
Questions and Answers
Total amount of sodium in the body - ....ANSWER ...-Responsible for ECF
volume
Total amount of water in the body - ....ANSWER ...-responsible for extracellular
sodium concentration
ADH secretion - ....ANSWER ...-initiated by a change in plasma osmolality or
decreases circulating blood volume/blood pressure
Osmoreceptors - ....ANSWER ...-changes in plasma osmolality stimulate these in
the hypothalamus
Serum osmolality is calculated as: - ....ANSWER ...-2 x (sodium concentration) +
(glucose concentration/18) + (BUN/2.8)
osmolality - ....ANSWER ...-deterred by the total solute concentration in a fluid
compartment
tonicity - ....ANSWER ...-ability of the combined effect of all the solutes to
generate an osmotic deriving force that causes water movement form one compartment
to another
effective osmoles - ....ANSWER ...-solutes capable of changing the tonicity; e.g.
sodium, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 1
, ineffective osmoles - ....ANSWER ...-urea
normal body fluid osmolality - ....ANSWER ...-280-294 mOsm/kg
hypertonic - ....ANSWER ...-volume depletion or volume excess with increased
osmolality
Fluid Volume Deficit - ....ANSWER ...-Hypovolemia, water deprivation -
confusion, coma, inability to communicate, loss of thirst, water loss - diarrhea, diabetes
insipid, excessive diuresis.
Clinical manifestations of hypovolemia - ....ANSWER ...-dehydration - thirst,
headache, dryness of skin, decreased urinary output, elevated temp, weight loss, rapid
heard rate, flattened neck veins, weak pulse
treatment for hypovolemia - ....ANSWER ...-give water/stop fluid loss, give slowly,
If IV dextrose 5% in water.
fluid volume excess - ....ANSWER ...-hypervolemia, due to compulsive water
drinking, renal failure, congestive heart fails, cirrhosis
clinical manifestations of hypervolemia - ....ANSWER ...-cerebral edema with
confusions and convulsions, weakness, nausea, muscle twitching, headache and weight
gain
treatment for hypervolemia - ....ANSWER ...-withhold fluids for 24 hrs and then 3%
sodium chloride
hypernatremia causes - ....ANSWER ...-excessive hypertonic salt solutions,
hyperaldoesteronism, Cushing syndrome, loss of wate, Na+ level >145
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 2
