BIOD 331 Module 1 Pathophysiology | Actual
Questions and Answers Latest Updated
2025/2026 (Graded A+)
What..is..the..definition..of.."pathophysiology"?..-..Correct Answer-
Pathophysiology..is..defined..as..not..only..the..cellular..and..organ..changes..that..oc
cur..with..disease,..but..also..the..effects..that..these..changes..have..on..total..body..fu
nction.
Name..the..5..etiologic..factors..and..give..an..example..if..listed...-..Correct Answer-
Etiologic..factors..are..the..causes..of..a..disease.
1...Physical..forces:..trauma,..burns,..etc
2...Chemical..agents:..poisons,..alcohol
3...Biological..agents:..bacteria,..viruses
4...Genetic..predisposition:..inherent..genes..from..both..parents..but..you..don't..nec
essarily..develop..the..disease..but..are..predispositioned..to..it
5...Nutritional..excess..or..deficiencies:..Iodine..deficiency..can..lead..to..hypothyroi
dism...Nutritional..excess..in..carbohydrates..can..lead..to..irritable..bowel..syndrom
e.
What..are..the..2..types..of..risk..factors?..-..Correct Answer-
Congenital:..present..at..birth
Acquired:..occur..after..birth
,What..is..the..difference..between..morphology..and..histology?..-..Correct Answer-
Morphology..is..defined..as..the..fundamental..structure..or..form..of..cells..or..tissues
...Histology..is..the..study..of..the..cells..and..extracellular..matrix..of..body..tissues.
Describe..the..difference..between..signs..and..symptoms..and..give..an..example..of..
each...-..Correct Answer-
These..both..relate..to..manifestations..of..a..disease...Signs..is..an..objective..manifes
tation..while..symptoms..are..a..subjective..complaint...Signs..are..apparent..to..the..p
hysician,..symptoms..are..apparent..to..the..patient.
What..are..3..important..processes..when..coming..to..a..diagnosis?..-..Correct
Answer-Patient..history,..diagnostic..testing,..and..a..physical..examination.
Explain..validity,..reliability,..sensitivity,..and..specificity...-..Correct Answer-
Validity:..how..a..tool..measures..what..it..is..intended..to..measure..i.e...the..correct..t
ool..to..do..the..job,..such..as..using..a..blood..pressure..cuff..to..measure..blood..press
ure
Reliability:..likelihood..of..yielding..the..same..result..of..a..test,..usually..dependent..
on..someone's..experience..and..skill..level
Sensitivity:..proportion..of..people..with..a..disease..who..test..positive
Specificity:..people..without..the..disease..who..test..negative..for..it
Define..epidemiology..and..name..some..things..that..it..tracks...-..Correct Answer-
Epidemiology..is..the..study..of..disease..occurrence...It..tracks..the..health..of..a..com
munity..by..tracking..age,..race,..nutritional..habits..and..locations.
What..is..the..difference..between..incidence..and..prevalence?..-..Correct Answer-
Incidence..is..the..number..of..new..cases..in..the..population..at..a..given..time,..preva
lence..is..the..number..of..cases..that..exist..in..the..population..at..a..given..time.
, Define..mortality..and..morbidity...-..Correct Answer-
Mortality..is..the..reason..for..death..in..a..population...Morbidity..is..the..effect..of..the
..illness..on..someone's..life,..as..it..pertains..to..their..quality..of..life.
Define..primary,..secondary,..and..tertiary..prevention..and..give..an..example..of..ea
ch...-..Correct Answer-
Primary..prevention..is..what..a..person..does..to..prevent..a..disease..from..occurring,
..for..example..eating..healthy..and..exercising.
Secondary..prevention..is..aiming..to..detect..and..treat..diseases..when..they..are..eit
her..still..curable..or..asymptomatic...An..example..of..this..is..a..colonoscopy
Tertiary..prevention..is..when..a..disease..is..diagnosed..and..clinical..interventions..
happen..to..cause..further..complications...For..example,..using..medication..to..red
uce..the..risk..of..future..heart..attacks.
Why..is..evidence-based..practice..important?..-..Correct Answer-Evidence-
based..practice..is..important..because..medical..professions..follow..up-to-
date..information..and..studies..in..order..to..treat..diseases...This..ensures..that..new..
treatment..options..are..followed,..preventing..physicians..from..using..outdates..pra
ctices..that..no..longer..benefit..the..patient.
What..are..the..3..primary..structures..of..the..cell?..-..Correct Answer-
The..nucleus,..cytoplasm,..and..plasma..membrane
What..is..the..function..of..the..nucleus?..-..Correct Answer-
The..nucleus..is..the..control..center..for..the..cell..and..contains..most..of..the..heredit
ary..material,..DNA..and..RNA.
Questions and Answers Latest Updated
2025/2026 (Graded A+)
What..is..the..definition..of.."pathophysiology"?..-..Correct Answer-
Pathophysiology..is..defined..as..not..only..the..cellular..and..organ..changes..that..oc
cur..with..disease,..but..also..the..effects..that..these..changes..have..on..total..body..fu
nction.
Name..the..5..etiologic..factors..and..give..an..example..if..listed...-..Correct Answer-
Etiologic..factors..are..the..causes..of..a..disease.
1...Physical..forces:..trauma,..burns,..etc
2...Chemical..agents:..poisons,..alcohol
3...Biological..agents:..bacteria,..viruses
4...Genetic..predisposition:..inherent..genes..from..both..parents..but..you..don't..nec
essarily..develop..the..disease..but..are..predispositioned..to..it
5...Nutritional..excess..or..deficiencies:..Iodine..deficiency..can..lead..to..hypothyroi
dism...Nutritional..excess..in..carbohydrates..can..lead..to..irritable..bowel..syndrom
e.
What..are..the..2..types..of..risk..factors?..-..Correct Answer-
Congenital:..present..at..birth
Acquired:..occur..after..birth
,What..is..the..difference..between..morphology..and..histology?..-..Correct Answer-
Morphology..is..defined..as..the..fundamental..structure..or..form..of..cells..or..tissues
...Histology..is..the..study..of..the..cells..and..extracellular..matrix..of..body..tissues.
Describe..the..difference..between..signs..and..symptoms..and..give..an..example..of..
each...-..Correct Answer-
These..both..relate..to..manifestations..of..a..disease...Signs..is..an..objective..manifes
tation..while..symptoms..are..a..subjective..complaint...Signs..are..apparent..to..the..p
hysician,..symptoms..are..apparent..to..the..patient.
What..are..3..important..processes..when..coming..to..a..diagnosis?..-..Correct
Answer-Patient..history,..diagnostic..testing,..and..a..physical..examination.
Explain..validity,..reliability,..sensitivity,..and..specificity...-..Correct Answer-
Validity:..how..a..tool..measures..what..it..is..intended..to..measure..i.e...the..correct..t
ool..to..do..the..job,..such..as..using..a..blood..pressure..cuff..to..measure..blood..press
ure
Reliability:..likelihood..of..yielding..the..same..result..of..a..test,..usually..dependent..
on..someone's..experience..and..skill..level
Sensitivity:..proportion..of..people..with..a..disease..who..test..positive
Specificity:..people..without..the..disease..who..test..negative..for..it
Define..epidemiology..and..name..some..things..that..it..tracks...-..Correct Answer-
Epidemiology..is..the..study..of..disease..occurrence...It..tracks..the..health..of..a..com
munity..by..tracking..age,..race,..nutritional..habits..and..locations.
What..is..the..difference..between..incidence..and..prevalence?..-..Correct Answer-
Incidence..is..the..number..of..new..cases..in..the..population..at..a..given..time,..preva
lence..is..the..number..of..cases..that..exist..in..the..population..at..a..given..time.
, Define..mortality..and..morbidity...-..Correct Answer-
Mortality..is..the..reason..for..death..in..a..population...Morbidity..is..the..effect..of..the
..illness..on..someone's..life,..as..it..pertains..to..their..quality..of..life.
Define..primary,..secondary,..and..tertiary..prevention..and..give..an..example..of..ea
ch...-..Correct Answer-
Primary..prevention..is..what..a..person..does..to..prevent..a..disease..from..occurring,
..for..example..eating..healthy..and..exercising.
Secondary..prevention..is..aiming..to..detect..and..treat..diseases..when..they..are..eit
her..still..curable..or..asymptomatic...An..example..of..this..is..a..colonoscopy
Tertiary..prevention..is..when..a..disease..is..diagnosed..and..clinical..interventions..
happen..to..cause..further..complications...For..example,..using..medication..to..red
uce..the..risk..of..future..heart..attacks.
Why..is..evidence-based..practice..important?..-..Correct Answer-Evidence-
based..practice..is..important..because..medical..professions..follow..up-to-
date..information..and..studies..in..order..to..treat..diseases...This..ensures..that..new..
treatment..options..are..followed,..preventing..physicians..from..using..outdates..pra
ctices..that..no..longer..benefit..the..patient.
What..are..the..3..primary..structures..of..the..cell?..-..Correct Answer-
The..nucleus,..cytoplasm,..and..plasma..membrane
What..is..the..function..of..the..nucleus?..-..Correct Answer-
The..nucleus..is..the..control..center..for..the..cell..and..contains..most..of..the..heredit
ary..material,..DNA..and..RNA.
