American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change 12th Edition byCalJillson,AllChapters 1-16 Institutional Change 12th Edition American Government: Political Development and T

TESTBANK DR ERIC DR ERIC © 2023 Taylor & Francis TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles 2. Chapter 2 The Revolution and the Constitution 3. Chapter 3 Federalism and American Political Development 4. Chapter 4 Political Socialization and Public Opinion 5. Chapter 5 The Mass Media and the Political Agenda 6. Chapter 6 Interest Groups: The Politics of Influence 7. Chapter 7 Political Parties: Winning the Right to Govern 8. Chapter 8 Voting, Campaigns, and Elections 9. Chapter 9 Congress: Partisanship, Polarization, and Gridlock 10. Chapter 10 The President: Executive Power in a Separation of Powers Regime 11. Chapter 11 Bureaucracy: Redesigning Government for the Twenty-First Century 12. Chapter 12 The Federal Courts: Activism versus Restraint 13. Chapter 13 Civil Liberties: Ordered Liberty in America 14. Chapter 14 Civil Rights: Where Liberty and Equality Collide DR ERIC DR ERIC © 2023 Taylor & Francis 15. Chapter 15 Government, The Economy, and Domestic Policy 16. Chapter 16 America’s Global Role in the Twenty-First Century DR ERIC DR ERIC © 2023 Taylor & Francis Chapter 1 The Origins of American Political Principles Single-Select Multiple Choice Question Answe r A B C D A custom, practice, or organization, often embedded in rules and law, is called a ^ .^ b policy institution legal procedure rule Which of these terms refers to the rule of an elite few for their own interests? d Monarchy Polis Democracy Oligarchy According to Plato, who should rule a properly constituted polis? a A philosopher￾king A political science- king The few wisest citizens None of these According to Aristotle’s typology of governments, which of these statements accurately defines a type of government? d Oligarchy is a government organized around a few men who are primarily motivated by their narrow private and class interests. Democracy is a government organized around many men who are primarily motivated by the broad public interest. Tyranny is any government that is oppressive to the people. All of these Which one of the following pairs of cities formed the centers of c Paris and London Berlin and Madrid Athens and Rome Oslo and Copenhagen DR ERIC DR ERIC © 2023 Taylor & Francis the two greatest European societies of the ancient world? Before it was an empire, what was ancient Rome? c It was always an empire. It was a democrac y. It was a republic. It was a polity. Which theorists made the first and most influential efforts to explain how mixed governments can work in practice? a Polybius and Cicero Plato and Aristotle St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Hobbes and John Locke According to the Pro & Con section, which of the following was not a characteristic of “Athenian democracy?” b The people met in the Assembly to discuss and decide major issues A deep respect for the individual rights and liberties of all city residents Slaves and resident aliens (three-fifths of the population) were denied citizenship All citizens were given one vote in the Assembly What is the temporal world? c The world of the sacred The world of the politically powerful The world of peoples and nations and human history The otherworldly Who wrote that, without an all- powerful monarch, human beings will fall into a war of all against all in which life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”? c Niccolò Machiav elli John Calvin Thomas Hobbes John Locke Who was the founder of the Protestant Reformation? c Martin Luther King, Jr. Thomas Hobbes Martin Luther John Winthrop In addition to social contract theory, what are two other concepts taken from classical liberalism that influenced the Founding generation? c Nothing else was taken. There is nothing besides social contract theory in classical liberalism. Separation of powers and free markets Unlimited, immoderate constitutional regimes DR ERIC DR ERIC © 2023 Taylor & Francis Who were the Pilgrims? b Wealthy English Puritans who settled in the South in order to avoid religious persecution in their home country Middling English Puritans who settled in New England in order to avoid religious persecution in their home country Wealthy English Anglicans who settled in the South in order to develop it economically Middling English Anglicans who settled in the Mid￾Atlantic in order to develop it economically and in some cases to avoid religious persecution in their home country In the population of the American colonies in 1765, which ethnic group was the largest? a The English The Irish The Germans The Dutch What drove the idea behind the notion that the Americans had “space” for dissent? d The orthodox did not feel the need to destroy the unorthodox. Banishment was an accepted form of punishment. The vastness of the land allowed for pockets of acceptability interspersed between places of orthodoxy. All of these What was political participation like in the early colonies? a It was very democratic in nature. It was oligarchic but still modestly democratic in nature. It was oligarchic and hence not very democratic at all in nature. It was aristocratic and hence not very democratic at all in nature. To what area of social life did Adam Smith most extensively apply the principles of classical liberalism? c Law Government and politics The economy Culture Which Enlightenment thinker argued the earliest and most influentially that science and discovery worked for the eternal d Thomas Hobbes Niccolò Machiav elli Baron de Montesquieu Francis Bacon DR ERIC DR ERIC © 2023 Taylor & Francis benefit of society? How did St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas differ from the ancients and how did this difference impact the Founding generation? a They privileged the role of the sacred over the secular, which served as a negative example for the Founding generation. They privileged the role of the secular over the sacred, which served as a positive example for the Founding generation. They privileged the role of the national over sub-national governments, which served as a positive example for the Founding generation. They privileged the role of the sub￾national over the national government, which served as a negative example for the Founding When generation. did the concept of individualism find its brightest moment and what form did it take? c At the Constitutional Convention and in the form of separation of powers At the Magna Carta and in the form of the Barony At the American Revolution and in the form of the idea that freedom has its own order and structure At the English Revolution and in the form of religious tolerance What lesson did the Founding Fathers learn from Polybius and Cicero? b Mixed constitutions should be avoided due to their proclivity toward instability. Mixed constitutions should be embraced because they balance the interests of the rich and the poor. Mixed constitutions should be embraced because they serve the interests of the middle classes. Mixed constitutions should be avoided because monarchy is the best way to govern a republic. Who normally rules in aristocracies and oligarchies? b The poor The rich The middle class None of these What is meant by American political development (APD)? a The study of development and change in American political processes, institutions, and The study of America’s democratic development in comparison to the development of The thesis that American government has become much more political over time, thus reducing its None of these DR ERIC DR ERIC © 2023 Taylor & Francis policies over time other democracies around the world capacity to solve the problems that affect the lives of ordinary Americans What did the ancients mean by “democracy?” b They thought it was equivalent to “mob rule” Rule by the people in the interest of the entire community Rule by the people in their own self￾interest They thought it was equivalent to “free government” What is meant by the term “classical republicanism?” c A mixed state in which monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic principles are combined A form of popular government that relies by elected representatives instead of direct democratic governance A set of ideas that emphasizes concern for the common good over the self￾interest of individuals A set of ideas that emphasizes the importance of limited government and aggregate rights What differentiates a monarchy from a tyranny? d The source of their legitimacy, with monarchies being based on the will of God and tyrannies being based on the will of the ruler The source of their legitimacy, with monarchies being based on the will of the people or of God and tyrannies being based on neither The purpose of government, with monarchies having bad motives and tyrannies having good ones The purposes of government, with monarchies having good motives and tyrannies having bad ones What was the dominant American political and social ideology in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? b Social Democracy Classical Liberalis m Classical Republicanis m Corporatist Capitalism Which of the following are characteristics of American d Space for dissent and economic Social fluidity and heterogeneity Equality and tolerance All of these