Personality Psychology Study Guide(with Accurate answers)
Free association correct answersIn psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in
which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or
embarrassing.
What did freud believe he could trace with free association? correct answersbad childhood
memories
Psychoanalysis correct answersA method of psychotherapy developed by Freud based on his
belief that the root of all psychological problems is unconscious conflicts among the id, the ego,
and the superego.
What is the "id" ? correct answersA non-rational system based on pleasure principle; the source
of sexual aggressive instincts, reservoir or psychic energy for ego (pleasure seeker) *pleasure
principle*
Ego correct answersAccording to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that
operates according to the *reality principle*
how do the id and ego work together? correct answersThe ego tries to complete the id's wishes
through rational ways (basically id wants sexual pleasure... so the ego rationalizes that to trying
to find a girlfriend/boyfriend or whatever)
superego correct answers*basically the conscious or your moral compass* (According to Freud,
the part of the personality containing the conscience)
id and superego (relationship) correct answersthe id and superego usually contrast (if an
individual wants to **** they're not gonna just go rape that person they're gonna try to talk to
them and build a relationship) =P
psychosexual stages correct answersOral (0-18 months sucking, biting, chewing), Anal (18-36
months bowel and bladder elimination), Phallic (3-6 years genitals but coping with incestuous
feelings? basically how freud believed in the Oedipus complex), Latency (6 to puberty Dormant
sexual feelings), Genital (puberty on.. maturation of sexual interests)
identification correct answersThe process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate
their parent's values into their developing superegos.
fixation correct answersAccording to Freud, failure to move forward from one psychosexual
stage to another as expected. (so he thought people will smoke to accommodate from not getting
pass the oral stage)
what are the 8 defense mechanisms? (PRFRRRDS) (aka proof reads) correct answersProjection,
Rationalization, repression, regression, rationalization, displacement, denial, sublimination
, collective unconscious correct answersAccording to Jung, the content of the unconscious mind
that is passed down from generation to generation in all humans.
projective tests correct answersa personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides
ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner thoughts and feelings (*provide a
psychological x-ray*)
TAT (thematic Apperception Test) correct answersA projective test in which people express
their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.
(pg.602) (*puppy story about girl and guy*)
Rorschach inkblot test correct answersThe most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots,
designed by Hermann Rorschach (who was from switzerland); seeks to identify people's inner
feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.
terror-management theory correct answersshows that when people think of their own morality, it
provokes various coping mechanism (basically protects us from fearing death?) check this**
implicit learning correct answerswhen we learn something but don't even realize how we learned
it/can't really explain it
false consensus effect correct answerswe think that other's think the same way or share the same
beliefs that we do
His theory does not yield predictable results it only offers explanation for things AFTER the fact.
(It can explain a person's need to smoke but it can't predict that the person would have smoked if
you looked at that person at a younger age... *it's like betting on a horse after the race has already
been run* *IT'S UNTESTABLE* correct answersWhat is the problem with Freud's theory?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow correct answers2 humanist psychologists
All people are basically good something needs to happen during development for that person to
turn bad (or have a disorder or something like that) correct answersWhat did humanist
psychologists believe in?
third-force perspective correct answersthe perspective that Maslow and Rogers offered which
emphasized seeing the world through the person's (not the researcher's) eyes
People are motivated by a hierarchy of needs and that we ultimately try to seek *self
actualization* correct answersWhat did Maslow believe?
self actualization correct answersAccording to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that
arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the
motivation to fulfill one's potential
Free association correct answersIn psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in
which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or
embarrassing.
What did freud believe he could trace with free association? correct answersbad childhood
memories
Psychoanalysis correct answersA method of psychotherapy developed by Freud based on his
belief that the root of all psychological problems is unconscious conflicts among the id, the ego,
and the superego.
What is the "id" ? correct answersA non-rational system based on pleasure principle; the source
of sexual aggressive instincts, reservoir or psychic energy for ego (pleasure seeker) *pleasure
principle*
Ego correct answersAccording to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that
operates according to the *reality principle*
how do the id and ego work together? correct answersThe ego tries to complete the id's wishes
through rational ways (basically id wants sexual pleasure... so the ego rationalizes that to trying
to find a girlfriend/boyfriend or whatever)
superego correct answers*basically the conscious or your moral compass* (According to Freud,
the part of the personality containing the conscience)
id and superego (relationship) correct answersthe id and superego usually contrast (if an
individual wants to **** they're not gonna just go rape that person they're gonna try to talk to
them and build a relationship) =P
psychosexual stages correct answersOral (0-18 months sucking, biting, chewing), Anal (18-36
months bowel and bladder elimination), Phallic (3-6 years genitals but coping with incestuous
feelings? basically how freud believed in the Oedipus complex), Latency (6 to puberty Dormant
sexual feelings), Genital (puberty on.. maturation of sexual interests)
identification correct answersThe process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate
their parent's values into their developing superegos.
fixation correct answersAccording to Freud, failure to move forward from one psychosexual
stage to another as expected. (so he thought people will smoke to accommodate from not getting
pass the oral stage)
what are the 8 defense mechanisms? (PRFRRRDS) (aka proof reads) correct answersProjection,
Rationalization, repression, regression, rationalization, displacement, denial, sublimination
, collective unconscious correct answersAccording to Jung, the content of the unconscious mind
that is passed down from generation to generation in all humans.
projective tests correct answersa personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides
ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner thoughts and feelings (*provide a
psychological x-ray*)
TAT (thematic Apperception Test) correct answersA projective test in which people express
their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.
(pg.602) (*puppy story about girl and guy*)
Rorschach inkblot test correct answersThe most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots,
designed by Hermann Rorschach (who was from switzerland); seeks to identify people's inner
feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.
terror-management theory correct answersshows that when people think of their own morality, it
provokes various coping mechanism (basically protects us from fearing death?) check this**
implicit learning correct answerswhen we learn something but don't even realize how we learned
it/can't really explain it
false consensus effect correct answerswe think that other's think the same way or share the same
beliefs that we do
His theory does not yield predictable results it only offers explanation for things AFTER the fact.
(It can explain a person's need to smoke but it can't predict that the person would have smoked if
you looked at that person at a younger age... *it's like betting on a horse after the race has already
been run* *IT'S UNTESTABLE* correct answersWhat is the problem with Freud's theory?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow correct answers2 humanist psychologists
All people are basically good something needs to happen during development for that person to
turn bad (or have a disorder or something like that) correct answersWhat did humanist
psychologists believe in?
third-force perspective correct answersthe perspective that Maslow and Rogers offered which
emphasized seeing the world through the person's (not the researcher's) eyes
People are motivated by a hierarchy of needs and that we ultimately try to seek *self
actualization* correct answersWhat did Maslow believe?
self actualization correct answersAccording to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that
arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the
motivation to fulfill one's potential
