BSC 1005 Ch. 4,5,6 Exam questions with verified
answers
"energy harvest" Ans✓✓✓ cell produces 2 NADH molecules, 4 ATP, 2
pyruvates
-2 ATP lost when splitting glucose
"energy investment" Ans✓✓✓ 1st stage of glycolysis
-cell spends 2 ATP to activate glucose and split it
-phosphate transferred to glucose creating ATP
1st law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ energy cannot be destroyed nor
created
-energy conservation
-total amount of energy in the universe is constant
-ex.) photosynthesis and cellular respiration
1st photosynthesis Ans✓✓✓ cyanobacteria
1st photosynthetic organism Ans✓✓✓ anaerobic cell that used
hydrogen sulfide instead of water in photosynthesis
-released sulfur not oxygen
-change in pigment allowed water usage
,2 effects of phosphorylating Ans✓✓✓ 1) phosphate's presence may
energize the target molecule (ATP endergonic)
2) phosphate may change the shape of the target molecule (ATP
hydrolysis)
2nd law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ all energy transformations are
inefficient because every reaction loses some energy as heat
-heat results from random molecular movement
-implies organisms can increase in complexity as long as something else
decreases in complexity by a greater amount
3 ATP pathways Ans✓✓✓ -aerobic
-anaerobic
-fermentation
3 steps of respiration Ans✓✓✓ -glycolysis
-Krebs cycle
-electron transport chain
accessory pigments Ans✓✓✓ energy-capturing pigment molecules
-chlorophyll b and carotenoids
-absorb wavelengths chlorophyll a can't
, acetyl CoA Ans✓✓✓ product of pyruvate oxidation in the matrix after
glycolysis before Krebs
-pyruvate donates electrons to NAD+
-formed when the acetyl group from oxidized pyruvate joins to
coenzyme
-enters Krebs cycle
-products of formation: carbon dioxide, NADH and itself
-carbon dioxide released
activation energy Ans✓✓✓ amount of energy required to start a
reaction
-reduced by an enzyme when the enzyme is catalyzing a reaction
active site Ans✓✓✓ where substrates bind
-ready to go again after releasing a reaction
active transport Ans✓✓✓ transport protein moves a substance from
where it's less concentrated to where it's more concentrated (against
gradient)
-ATP used
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Ans✓✓✓ a molecule that holds energy
released in exergonic reactions long enough to power muscle
contraction and all other endergonic reactions in its covalent bonds
answers
"energy harvest" Ans✓✓✓ cell produces 2 NADH molecules, 4 ATP, 2
pyruvates
-2 ATP lost when splitting glucose
"energy investment" Ans✓✓✓ 1st stage of glycolysis
-cell spends 2 ATP to activate glucose and split it
-phosphate transferred to glucose creating ATP
1st law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ energy cannot be destroyed nor
created
-energy conservation
-total amount of energy in the universe is constant
-ex.) photosynthesis and cellular respiration
1st photosynthesis Ans✓✓✓ cyanobacteria
1st photosynthetic organism Ans✓✓✓ anaerobic cell that used
hydrogen sulfide instead of water in photosynthesis
-released sulfur not oxygen
-change in pigment allowed water usage
,2 effects of phosphorylating Ans✓✓✓ 1) phosphate's presence may
energize the target molecule (ATP endergonic)
2) phosphate may change the shape of the target molecule (ATP
hydrolysis)
2nd law of thermodynamics Ans✓✓✓ all energy transformations are
inefficient because every reaction loses some energy as heat
-heat results from random molecular movement
-implies organisms can increase in complexity as long as something else
decreases in complexity by a greater amount
3 ATP pathways Ans✓✓✓ -aerobic
-anaerobic
-fermentation
3 steps of respiration Ans✓✓✓ -glycolysis
-Krebs cycle
-electron transport chain
accessory pigments Ans✓✓✓ energy-capturing pigment molecules
-chlorophyll b and carotenoids
-absorb wavelengths chlorophyll a can't
, acetyl CoA Ans✓✓✓ product of pyruvate oxidation in the matrix after
glycolysis before Krebs
-pyruvate donates electrons to NAD+
-formed when the acetyl group from oxidized pyruvate joins to
coenzyme
-enters Krebs cycle
-products of formation: carbon dioxide, NADH and itself
-carbon dioxide released
activation energy Ans✓✓✓ amount of energy required to start a
reaction
-reduced by an enzyme when the enzyme is catalyzing a reaction
active site Ans✓✓✓ where substrates bind
-ready to go again after releasing a reaction
active transport Ans✓✓✓ transport protein moves a substance from
where it's less concentrated to where it's more concentrated (against
gradient)
-ATP used
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Ans✓✓✓ a molecule that holds energy
released in exergonic reactions long enough to power muscle
contraction and all other endergonic reactions in its covalent bonds
