Human Biology Year 11 Exam Revision
Questions with Complete Solutions
Saliva - ANSWER-A fluid secreted into the mouth by salivary glands to begin
digestion of food.
Chemical digestion - ANSWER-Chemical breakdown of food into small molecules.
Oesophagus - ANSWER-The tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach.
Peristalsis - ANSWER-Waves of muscular contraction that push food along the
alimentary canal.
Gastric juice - ANSWER-The digestive juice secreted by the glands of the stomach.
Pyloric sphincter - ANSWER-A ring of smooth muscle between the stomach and
duodenum.
Small intestine - ANSWER-The longest part of the alimentary canal; receives
materials from the stomach.
Duodenum - ANSWER-The first part of the small intenstine
Intestinal juice - ANSWER-The digestive juice secreted by the glands of the small
intestine.
Pancreatic juice - ANSWER-The liquid secreted by the pancreas.
Bile - ANSWER-A secretion of the liver, stored in the gall bladder and released into
the small intestine.
Pancreatic amylase - ANSWER-An enzyme in the pancreatic juice that breaks down
STARCH.
Villi - ANSWER-Projections from the internal lining of the small intestine.
Microvilli - ANSWER-Microscopic projections from the membranes of cells lining the
small intestine; increases surface area for absorption.
Large intestine - ANSWER-The part of the intestine between the small intestine and
the anus; it is made of the caceum, colon and rectum.
Faeces - ANSWER-Material passed out of the rectum
Elimination - ANSWER-Removal of undigested material, bacteria and bile pigments
from the body.
, Skeletal muscle - ANSWER-Muscle attached to the bones; under voluntary control;
striated
Smooth muscle - ANSWER-Muscle that is not under our conscious control; found in
walls in internal organs; non-striated
Extensibility - ANSWER-The ability of muscle fibres to be stretched when pulled.
Elasticity - ANSWER-The ability of muscle fibres to return to their original length after
being stretched.
Sarcoplemma - ANSWER-A thin, transparent membrane surrounding a muscle cell.
Sarcoplasm - ANSWER-The cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
Muscle fibres - ANSWER-The long cylindrical cells that make up skeletal muscles.
Myofibrils - ANSWER-A thread-like structure found in the cytoplasm of muscle fibres.
Myofilaments - ANSWER-One of the structures that make up the myofibrils of
skeletal muscle fibres.
Myosin - ANSWER-One of the contractile proteins of skeletal muscle; makes up the
thick myofilament
Actin - ANSWER-One of the contractile proteins of skeletal muscle; makes up the
thin myofilaments
Sarcomere - ANSWER-The contractile unit of skeletal muscle; consists of actin and
myosin filaments
Tendon - ANSWER-Fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Antagonist - ANSWER-Muscle that has an action opposite to that of a prime mover
Origin - ANSWER-The end of a muscle that is fixed to a stationary bone
Insertion - ANSWER-The end of a muscle fixed to a moveable bone
Belly - ANSWER-The fleshy portion in the middle of the muscle
Agonist - ANSWER-Muscle that causes the desired action
Synergist - ANSWER-A muscle that acts indirectly in steadying a joint during a
particular movement.
Fixator - ANSWER-A muscle that contracts to mobilise a joint.
Muscle tone - ANSWER-Partial contraction of skeletal muscle.
Questions with Complete Solutions
Saliva - ANSWER-A fluid secreted into the mouth by salivary glands to begin
digestion of food.
Chemical digestion - ANSWER-Chemical breakdown of food into small molecules.
Oesophagus - ANSWER-The tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach.
Peristalsis - ANSWER-Waves of muscular contraction that push food along the
alimentary canal.
Gastric juice - ANSWER-The digestive juice secreted by the glands of the stomach.
Pyloric sphincter - ANSWER-A ring of smooth muscle between the stomach and
duodenum.
Small intestine - ANSWER-The longest part of the alimentary canal; receives
materials from the stomach.
Duodenum - ANSWER-The first part of the small intenstine
Intestinal juice - ANSWER-The digestive juice secreted by the glands of the small
intestine.
Pancreatic juice - ANSWER-The liquid secreted by the pancreas.
Bile - ANSWER-A secretion of the liver, stored in the gall bladder and released into
the small intestine.
Pancreatic amylase - ANSWER-An enzyme in the pancreatic juice that breaks down
STARCH.
Villi - ANSWER-Projections from the internal lining of the small intestine.
Microvilli - ANSWER-Microscopic projections from the membranes of cells lining the
small intestine; increases surface area for absorption.
Large intestine - ANSWER-The part of the intestine between the small intestine and
the anus; it is made of the caceum, colon and rectum.
Faeces - ANSWER-Material passed out of the rectum
Elimination - ANSWER-Removal of undigested material, bacteria and bile pigments
from the body.
, Skeletal muscle - ANSWER-Muscle attached to the bones; under voluntary control;
striated
Smooth muscle - ANSWER-Muscle that is not under our conscious control; found in
walls in internal organs; non-striated
Extensibility - ANSWER-The ability of muscle fibres to be stretched when pulled.
Elasticity - ANSWER-The ability of muscle fibres to return to their original length after
being stretched.
Sarcoplemma - ANSWER-A thin, transparent membrane surrounding a muscle cell.
Sarcoplasm - ANSWER-The cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
Muscle fibres - ANSWER-The long cylindrical cells that make up skeletal muscles.
Myofibrils - ANSWER-A thread-like structure found in the cytoplasm of muscle fibres.
Myofilaments - ANSWER-One of the structures that make up the myofibrils of
skeletal muscle fibres.
Myosin - ANSWER-One of the contractile proteins of skeletal muscle; makes up the
thick myofilament
Actin - ANSWER-One of the contractile proteins of skeletal muscle; makes up the
thin myofilaments
Sarcomere - ANSWER-The contractile unit of skeletal muscle; consists of actin and
myosin filaments
Tendon - ANSWER-Fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Antagonist - ANSWER-Muscle that has an action opposite to that of a prime mover
Origin - ANSWER-The end of a muscle that is fixed to a stationary bone
Insertion - ANSWER-The end of a muscle fixed to a moveable bone
Belly - ANSWER-The fleshy portion in the middle of the muscle
Agonist - ANSWER-Muscle that causes the desired action
Synergist - ANSWER-A muscle that acts indirectly in steadying a joint during a
particular movement.
Fixator - ANSWER-A muscle that contracts to mobilise a joint.
Muscle tone - ANSWER-Partial contraction of skeletal muscle.
