N440 unit 2 test UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Most common acid in the human body - CORRECT ANSWER - carbonic acid
most common base in the human body - CORRECT ANSWER - bicarbonate
what is base excess? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of strong acid that must be added to
each liter of fully oxygenated blood to return the pH to normal
what defines the respiratory component of acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER -
carbon dioxide
what defines the metabolic component of acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER -
base excess
+2 base excess - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic alkalosis
-2 base deficit - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic acidosis
functions of stomach acid - CORRECT ANSWER - kills harmful bacteria
activates pepsin for digestion
signals pancreas and gallbladder
activates intrinsic factors to absorb B12
activates peristalsis
reduces food clumps
closure of lower esophageal sphincter
, Where are parietal cells found and what is their function? - CORRECT ANSWER - in the
stomach and they have pumps to generate hydrogen ions, which allows for the existence of
hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
what class of medications work directly on parietal cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - PPI's
Why would malabsorption of B12 be a problem? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is essential
for RBC production, so malabsorption can cause anemia
What is happening during acid reflux and how does proper acid-base balance help prevent this? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Acid reflux happens when the lower esophageal sphincter does
not close. Proper acid-base balance prevents this by signaling the body to close the lower
esophageal sphincter when the body is no longer chewing and/or when the pH level in the
stomach changes from 4 to lower than 4 (when the person begins eating).
what are buffers? - CORRECT ANSWER - buffers are chemicals in the body that will
bind to free hydrogen ions when needed, and dissociate to free up hydrogen ions when needed.
1 molecule of carbonic acid (H2CO3) = - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 molecules of bicarb
how does the body metabolize acidic wastes? - CORRECT ANSWER - the liver
metabolizes acidic waste and are excreted through the kidneys, lungs, liver, or other systems
what 3 systems work to control acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER - Liver, Lungs,
and Buffer system (chemical mediators)
Explain how/why carbonic acid must lose or gain a hydrogen ion and how that effects acid-base -
CORRECT ANSWER - Carbonic acid is naturally made by the body but is not stable on
it's own so it must either lose or gain a hydrogen ion. Whether it loses or gains a H+ decides if it
will effect the lungs or kidneys
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Most common acid in the human body - CORRECT ANSWER - carbonic acid
most common base in the human body - CORRECT ANSWER - bicarbonate
what is base excess? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of strong acid that must be added to
each liter of fully oxygenated blood to return the pH to normal
what defines the respiratory component of acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER -
carbon dioxide
what defines the metabolic component of acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER -
base excess
+2 base excess - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic alkalosis
-2 base deficit - CORRECT ANSWER - metabolic acidosis
functions of stomach acid - CORRECT ANSWER - kills harmful bacteria
activates pepsin for digestion
signals pancreas and gallbladder
activates intrinsic factors to absorb B12
activates peristalsis
reduces food clumps
closure of lower esophageal sphincter
, Where are parietal cells found and what is their function? - CORRECT ANSWER - in the
stomach and they have pumps to generate hydrogen ions, which allows for the existence of
hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
what class of medications work directly on parietal cells? - CORRECT ANSWER - PPI's
Why would malabsorption of B12 be a problem? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is essential
for RBC production, so malabsorption can cause anemia
What is happening during acid reflux and how does proper acid-base balance help prevent this? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Acid reflux happens when the lower esophageal sphincter does
not close. Proper acid-base balance prevents this by signaling the body to close the lower
esophageal sphincter when the body is no longer chewing and/or when the pH level in the
stomach changes from 4 to lower than 4 (when the person begins eating).
what are buffers? - CORRECT ANSWER - buffers are chemicals in the body that will
bind to free hydrogen ions when needed, and dissociate to free up hydrogen ions when needed.
1 molecule of carbonic acid (H2CO3) = - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 molecules of bicarb
how does the body metabolize acidic wastes? - CORRECT ANSWER - the liver
metabolizes acidic waste and are excreted through the kidneys, lungs, liver, or other systems
what 3 systems work to control acid-base balance? - CORRECT ANSWER - Liver, Lungs,
and Buffer system (chemical mediators)
Explain how/why carbonic acid must lose or gain a hydrogen ion and how that effects acid-base -
CORRECT ANSWER - Carbonic acid is naturally made by the body but is not stable on
it's own so it must either lose or gain a hydrogen ion. Whether it loses or gains a H+ decides if it
will effect the lungs or kidneys
