COLORADO QS/CO PESTICIDE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS

COLORADO QS/CO PESTICIDE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS "In Colorado, what agency is responsible to regulating pesticides? - CORRECT ANSWER Department of Agriculture" "What describes any person who engages in the business of applying pesticides operating a device to hire? - CORRECT ANSWER A Commercial Applicator" "FIFRA makes it unlawful to use any pesticide in a manner inconsistent with its _____ ? - CORRECT ANSWER Label" "What organizations work with the EPA to suspend the use of certain pesticides in accordance with the Endangered Species Act if an endangered species will be adversely affected? - CORRECT ANSWER US Fish and Wildlife Service, NOAA and the Fisheries Service" "When does the Department of Transportation (DOT) dictate rules when transporting pesticides? - CORRECT ANSWER When transporting pesticides between states" "What describes the way pesticides affect and enter pests? - CORRECT ANSWER Mode of action" "What is the definition of a non-selective or broad-spectrum pesticide? - CORRECT ANSWER A pesticide that affects many species, including target and beneficial pests." "What is the definition of a selective pesticide? - CORRECT ANSWER A pesticide that affects a select few or target pests." "What is residual pesticide? - CORRECT ANSWER A pesticide that is persistent, meaning they remain active in the environment for a period of time, even if rain or wind has carried them away from the target site." "What is an active ingredient? - CORRECT ANSWER The concentrated pesticide chemical" "What type of pesticide concentrates in the fatty tissues of animals? - CORRECT ANSWER Chlorinated hydrocarbons" "What is bioaccumulation? - CORRECT ANSWER When pesticide is stored within a living creature and will increase with further exposure" "What is volatilization? - CORRECT ANSWER When a pesticide turns into a gas or vapor at a higher temperature" "What type of pesticide dissolves easily in water and are more likely to lead to pesticide runoff? - CORRECT ANSWER Soluble pesticides" "The _____ serves as the diluent for the pesticide formulation and is the material to which the formulated pesticide is added for application. Its primary purpose is to enable uniform distribution of a small amount of formulated pesticide to a large area. - CORRECT ANSWER Carrier" "What is the formula to find the number of acres you can treat per spray tank? - CORRECT ANSWER Tank size in gallons / gallons per acre (GPA)" "What is the formula to find the amount of chemical to add per tank? - CORRECT ANSWER Number of acres x rate of chemical to be applied per acre" "What is the first task you should perform after you have finished spraying pesticides? - CORRECT ANSWER Flush the spray system with water to prevent chemical build up" "What are the three C's of spill management? - CORRECT ANSWER Control, Contain and Clean up" "Hazard,also referred to as risk, is the possibility that injury will result from the use of a substance in a given formulation and includes two factors which are _____ and _____. - CORRECT ANSWER Toxicity and exposure" "______ is the potential a substance has to produce injury or death to humans, animals or plants. - CORRECT ANSWER Toxicity" "What does the abbreviation LD stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Lethal Dose" "The term LD50 is used to explain what? - CORRECT ANSWER The dose that will kill 50% of a large population of test animal." "The _____ the LD50 value, the more posionous the pesticide. - CORRECT ANSWER Lower" "_____ is the result of an accidental or an intentional single exposure to a substance dose of toxicant. - CORRECT ANSWER Acute toxicity" "_____ is the result of frequently repeated exposure to lower toxicant doses. - CORRECT ANSWER Chronic toxicity" "Who do FIFRA regulations apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER People who manufacture, formulate, market, distribute and use or dispose of pesticide products." "What organization determines which pesticides are federally classified as restricted use or general use? - CORRECT ANSWER EPA" "Restricted use pesticides can only be sold to who? - CORRECT ANSWER Certified applicators" "What are two categories of certified applicators? - CORRECT ANSWER Private applicators and commercial applicators" "What is a private applicator? - CORRECT ANSWER An applicator who supervises or uses pesticides on their own land." "Before a pesticide can be used or sold, it must be registered with which organization? - CORRECT ANSWER EPA" "Who must be in possesion of the pesticide label when a pesticide is applied? - CORRECT ANSWER The applicator who is making the application" "What are the advantages to baits? - CORRECT ANSWER Easy to spot treat and ready to use" "What are the disadvantages to baits? - CORRECT ANSWER Accessible to pets and children" "What are dusts? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dry materials made of A.I and inerts -Finely ground dry material of a low concentration of A.I" "What are the advantages of dusts? - CORRECT ANSWER Ready to use and effective in hard to reach indoor areas" "What is Soluble Powder (SP or S)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dry material that can be dissolved in liquid (goes into true solution when mixed with water)." "What is the advantage of a Soluble Powder (SP or S)? - CORRECT ANSWER Agitation not needed after mixing" "What is the disadvantage of a Soluble Powder (SP or S)? - CORRECT ANSWER Dust can be inhaled" "What is Wettable Powder (WP or W)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Dry material made of A.I and formulant -Contains a wetting and dispersing agent -Mixed with water and form a suspension" "What are the advantages of an Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E)? - CORRECT ANSWER -High concentration of A.I, so less product to store, purchase or transport -Easily mixed -Non-abrasive" "What are the disadvantages of an Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Amount of A.I increases mixing hazard -Flammable -Easily absorbed through skin" "What is Flowable (F)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Finely ground solid particles of A.I suspended in a liquid carrier -Forms true solution when mixed with water" "What are the advantages of Flowable (F) formulation type? - CORRECT ANSWER No dust and premix not needed" "Section 18- Emergency Exemptions - CORRECT ANSWER Address pest problems for which no pesticides are currently registered: EPA issued Manufacturer can not advertise or promote the use of the product" "Section 24c - Special Local Needs Label - CORRECT ANSWER Under this pesticide registration, Colorado can register addition uses of a federally registered pesticide. These additional uses are for distribution and use within a particular state to meet a "special local need" (SLN) Valid only in the state of issue" "Section 25b- Minimum Risk Pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER Pesticides w/ active ingredients that are considered minimum risk Have a very limited set of active & inert ingredients specified by EPA but not required to have EPA registration #" "Certified Applicator - CORRECT ANSWER A person qualified to apply or supervise the application of restricted-use pesticides Licensed by CDA Must know how to read a pesticide label and follow its instructions FIFRA defines two categories of Certified applicators (Private & Commercial)" "Private Applicator - CORRECT ANSWER A certified applicator who uses or supervises the use of any restricted-use pesticide to produce an agricultural commodity" "FQPA - CORRECT ANSWER Food Quality Protection Act" "Tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER The maximum residue limit allowed to remain in/on each treated food commodity" "Aggregate Exposure - CORRECT ANSWER The sum of exposures of an organism to a single chemical across all pathways over a period of time" "Cumulative Exposure - CORRECT ANSWER The sum of exposures to different pesticides with a common mode of action" "FFDCA - CORRECT ANSWER Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act" "FFDCA's Role - CORRECT ANSWER Governs pesticide residue levels in food and feed crops marketed in the US Regulated buy FDA, but EPA plays a role" "Pre-Harvest Intervals (PHI) - CORRECT ANSWER Restrictions that indicate the amount of time that must elapse between the last application and the harvest" "FQPA - CORRECT ANSWER Food Quality Protection Act" "Endocrine Disruptor - CORRECT ANSWER Chemicals in the environment that have the ability to mimic hormones, or disrupt the endocrine glands" "State Registered Restricted use pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER Currently residual soil herbicides are the only ones listed State RUP's are for sale to and for use by certified applicators and those under direct supervision only There is no label state indicating they are state RUP's" "RUP's by active ingredient - CORRECT ANSWER Bromacil Diuron Monuron Prometon Sodium Chlorate Sodium Metaborate Tebuthiuron" "When is the most valuable few minutes in pest management? - CORRECT ANSWER The few minutes you spend reading the label" "Brand Name or Trade Name - CORRECT ANSWER The name used by a manufacture to ID as it's product, most identifiable name ex: Weed Out" "Chemical Name - CORRECT ANSWER The name given by scientists for an active ingredient ex: 7-methylacetyl -4aminopropyline" "Common Name - CORRECT ANSWER A well known, made up name accepted by the EPA to identify an active ingredient Must be used with the chemical name in the active ingredients section of the label ex: hexanine" "Ingredient Statement - CORRECT ANSWER The portion of the label on a pesticide container that gives the name and amount of each active ingredient and the total amount of inert ingredients in the formulation" "Registration Number - CORRECT ANSWER Numbers assigned to a pesticide product to identify that the product has been approved by the U.S. EPA Assigned to all pesticide formulations" "Establishment Number - CORRECT ANSWER Identifies what facility produced the product - allows for tracking products Will also have a lot number that identifies the specific batch as it progressed through manufacturing" "Signal Words from least toxic to most toxic - CORRECT ANSWER Caution Warning Danger Danger-Poison" "GWA - CORRECT ANSWER Ground water advisory" "SWA - CORRECT ANSWER Surface water advisory" "Reentry Statement - CORRECT ANSWER Indicates how long you must wait after applying a chemical before you enter the treated area without protected clothing" "REI's - CORRECT ANSWER Restricted entry intervals" "Waiting Period - CORRECT ANSWER Tells how much time must pass between pesticide application & harvest, slaughter, or grazing" "PHI - CORRECT ANSWER Pre-harvest interval Time that must elapse between last pesticide treatment & harvest of the crop" "MSDS - CORRECT ANSWER Material Safety Data Sheet Provides workers & emergency staff with proper procedures for handling & working with that substance" "Contact Poisons - CORRECT ANSWER Can either be a contact poison when sprayed on or a systemic stomach poison when applied to a substance & eaten" "Stomach Poison - CORRECT ANSWER Must be swallowed to cause death" "Broad Spectrum - CORRECT ANSWER Non-selective & can control many species Can often damage beneficials" "Selective - CORRECT ANSWER Only works on certain species" "Pre-Plant Herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER Apply before planting" "pre-emergent Herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER Applied before seedlings emerge" "Post-emergent Herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER Applied after plant have emerged" "Residual Effect - CORRECT ANSWER How long the pesticide remains active against pests after it is applied" "Foliar Applications - CORRECT ANSWER Applied to plant leaves, branches, and stems Can be either contact or systemic" "Soil Applications - CORRECT ANSWER Applied to soil" "Protectant - CORRECT ANSWER Prevent fungal infections" "Eradicant - CORRECT ANSWER Destroy fungi that have already invaded plants and begun damage" “What agency, under FIFRA, was given authority to study the consequences pesticide usage and require uses to register when using pesticide? - CORRECT ANSWER EPA (Enviromental Protection Agency)" "Name four signal words in order of least to most hazardous: - CORRECT ANSWER Caution Warning Danger Danger-Poison" "What are two main pesticide classifications? - CORRECT ANSWER Restricted use and unclassified use (general use) pesticides." "What classification of pesticide might result in an unreasonable adverse effect on human health and/or the environment; However, application by trained person according to label directions would protect against such an effect? - CORRECT ANSWER Restricted Use Pesticides (RUP)" "When notifying any person listed on the registry of pesticide sensitive persons, when must you notify this person before application and if unable to notify, what must you do? - CORRECT ANSWER No later than 24 hours and if the person cannot be contacted, a written notice must be placed on their door at the time of application" "When arriving on site, what step is the first most important step? - CORRECT ANSWER Inspection" "After determining that use must apply a pesticide, what is the most valuable few minutes you can spend in pest management? - CORRECT ANSWER Reading the label" "On the label, what is the name given by scientists for the products active ingredient? - CORRECT ANSWER Chemical Name" "What is a well known made up name excepted by the EPA, to identify an active ingredient? It must be used with the chemical name in the active ingredients section on the label. - CORRECT ANSWER The common name" "Employers must contain copies of what document for each hazardous chemical in the work place? It must be readily accessible to personnel. - CORRECT ANSWER SDS (Safety Data Sheet)" "What is pesticide formulation? - CORRECT ANSWER The mixture of active and other ingredients" "What product formulations are ready for use without additional dilution, such as water, air or a petroleum based solvent? - CORRECT ANSWER Baits, granules, gels and dusts" "Formulation types can be divided into what three groups? - CORRECT ANSWER Solids, liquids and gases" "A number in front of the formulation abbreviation in the brand name usually refers to the _____ of the active ingredient of the dry formulation or percent by volume of a liquid formulation. (EX: 50WP or 4F) - CORRECT ANSWER Percent by weight" "Know the formulation types of pesticides: - CORRECT ANSWER Page 43-45 of the general study guide" "What is phytotoxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER Injury to plants" "What is a spot treatment? - CORRECT ANSWER Treating within a 2x2 ft area" "What is leaching? - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of pesticides through the soil" "What is adsorption? - CORRECT ANSWER A pesticide held strongly to soil particles that is less likely to leech" "In addition to applying pesticides, what are some other methods of controlling pests that are frequently used in IPM? - CORRECT ANSWER Biological control Mechanical control Cultural control Genetic control Environmental modification Regulatory control" "What does FIFRA stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act" "What is the formula for calculating the area of a square or rectangle? - CORRECT ANSWER Length x Width" "How do you determine the area of a circle? - CORRECT ANSWER (radius x radius) x 3.14" "How do you determine the area of a triangle? - CORRECT ANSWER (base x height) / 2" "Doubling the ground speed of a sprayer _____ the application rate by half if the nozzle pressure remains constant - CORRECT ANSWER reduces" "To double flow rate, pressure must increase ____ - CORRECT ANSWER 4x (four times)" "How many ounces in 1 gallon? - CORRECT ANSWER 128" "Repeated minor exposure to many kinds of products, including pesticides, may sensitive some people to react adversely to a family of chemicals. This is called _____. - CORRECT ANSWER Hypersensitivity" "What are two more significant health hazard pesticide types? - CORRECT ANSWER Organophosphates and Carbamates" "After applying PPE yourself, what is the first step taken when administering first aid to a person suspected of pesticide poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER Moving them away from the source." "What does EPA stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Environmental Protection Agency" "What does DOT stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Department of Transportation" "Before a pesticide can be used on food crops, EPA sets a tolerance, or maximum residue limit. Define maximum residue limit: - CORRECT ANSWER The amount of pesticide residue allowed to remain in or on each treated food commodity" "What is a certified operator? - CORRECT ANSWER An individual who mixes, loads or applies any pesticide, including RUPs, under the supervision of a qualified supervisor." "What is a qualified supervisor? - CORRECT ANSWER An individual who is licensed to apply pesticides without supervision and can supervise others doing pest control." "What is required to be on all pesticide application records? - CORRECT ANSWER -Name and address for whom the application was made -Location -Target pest -What was treated -Pesticide used with EPA registration number -Dilution rate -Amount Used -Time and Date -Carried (if not water) -Person who made the application" "What are the requirements for pesticide storage areas? - CORRECT ANSWER -Pesticides are stored separately to avoid contamination -Area is posted and locked -Clean and Orderly -Local fire department is notified of the storage area -Working fire extinguisher -All containers are labeled" "What are the requirements for Service Vehicle Identification (any vehicle or trailer used for applying or carrying pesticides)? - CORRECT ANSWER Both sides of the vehicles have the company names (2 inch high letters) and the city and state of where the records are kept (1 inch high letters)." "What is a Dry Flowable (DF)/Water Dispersible Granule (WDG)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Formulated into small pellets or granules -Forms a suspension in water" "What are the advantages to a Dry Flowable (DF)/ Water Dispersible Granule (WDG)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Easier to measure and mix than WP -Less inhalation hazard than WP" "What are the disadvantages to a Dry Flowable (DF)/ Water Dispersible Granule (WDG)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Spray mix requires constant agitation -Abrasive" "What is bait? - CORRECT ANSWER -Particulates that are A.I mixed with attractants or edible substances -Mixture of large particles or granular formation" "What are the disadvantages of dusts? - CORRECT ANSWER They can drift and are easily inhaled" "What is a Granular (G) formulation type? - CORRECT ANSWER -Mix of dry, large free-flowing particles (clay, ground corn cob, manufactures granules) -Usually with a low concentration of A.I." "What are the advantages of Granular (G) formulation types? - CORRECT ANSWER -Ready to use -No mixing and minimal drift" "What are the disadvantages of Granular (G) formulation types? - CORRECT ANSWER -Some Dust -May need incorporation" "What is a Pellet (P or PS) formulation type? - CORRECT ANSWER -Preformed mixture of A.I and inerts to form small pieces" "What is the advantage to Pellet (P or PS) formulation type? - CORRECT ANSWER Easy to spot treat" "What is the disadvantage to Pellet (P or PS) formulation type? - CORRECT ANSWER Accessible to pets and children" "What are the advantages to Wettable Powder (WP or W)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Less skin absorption than EC -Lower phytotoxicity -Resistant to weathering" "What are the disadvantages to Wettable Powder (WP or W)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Hazardous if inhaled -Needs premixing and constant agitation -Abrasive -May clog screens and filters" "What is a Concentrated Emulsion (EW)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Consists of thick water based emulsion and an A.I paste -Diluted in water spray tank for application" "What is the advantage of a Wettable Powder (WP or W)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Minimize level of solvent needed to dissolve pesticide and emulsify the solution in water" "What is the disadvantage of a Wettable Powder (WP or W)? - CORRECT ANSWER Hazardous if ingested" "What is Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Clear solution with emulsifiers to be dilutes in water -Final emulsion spray solution has a milky look -Forms true solution when mixed with water" "What are the disadvantages of Flowable (F)? - CORRECT ANSWER -Spray mix needs constant agitation -Abrasive" Certified Operator - CORRECT ANSWER -An individual who mixes, loads, or applies any pesticide (GUP or RUP) for a commercial applicator, registered limited commercial applicator, or registered public applicator, without on the site supervision of a qualified supervisor" "Commercial Applicator - CORRECT ANSWER any person, other than a private applicator, who engages in the business of applying pesticides for hire or operating a device for hire that is designed by the commissioner as requiring licensure for use" "FIFRA - CORRECT ANSWER Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act" "Section 3-Full Federal Label - CORRECT ANSWER outlines pesticide registration requirements that manufacturers must follow. Pesticides under this section are the most familiar labeled products. Most pesticides are registered this way." "Unclassified Use (a.k.a. General Use) - CORRECT ANSWER Generally lower toxicity & less potential to harm humans/environment Bought & used by general public w/out special permits" "Restricted Use (RUP's) - CORRECT ANSWER If use might result in an unreasonable adverse effect on human health and/or the environment Must be stated on the label" "ESA - CORRECT ANSWER Endangered Species Act Makes it illegal to use any pesticide in any manner that may kill or harm an endangered species or adversity modify their habitat" "SARA - CORRECT ANSWER Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act" "Hazardous Materials Transport Uniform Safety Act - CORRECT ANSWER Regulates the transport & shipment of pesticides across state lines" "Limited Commercial Applicator - CORRECT ANSWER Any person engaged in applying pesticides in the course of conducting a business; except that such application shall be only in or on property owned or leased by the person or the person's employer" "Qualified Supervisor - CORRECT ANSWER Any individual who is licensed to apply pesticides without supervision, evaluated pest problems, or recommends pest control through pesticides" "What are the pesticide record requirements? - CORRECT ANSWER Name & address for whom the application was made Location (if different from above address) Target pests (must be specific) Site, crop, commodity, or structure treated Specific pesticide with EPA reg. # Dilution & application rates & carrier (if used) Time & Date of application Name of person who did the application" "Common Pesticide Types - CORRECT ANSWER Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides" "Pesticide Families - CORRECT ANSWER Pesticides that are similar to one another in chemical structure and pesticide activity" "Pesticide Classification by Chemical Structure - CORRECT ANSWER Classified by chemical structure Similar structures have similar characteristics and similar modes of actions" "Mode of Action - CORRECT ANSWER The way in which a pesticide exerts a toxic effect on the target plant, animal, or microorganism" "Contact Pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER Must directly touch the pest or a site the pest frequents to be effective" "Systemic Pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER Move (translocate) from the site of application to another site within the plant or animal where they become effective"