BIOLOGY 1ST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
vesicles - ANSWER-small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into,
out of, and within a cell
vacuoles - ANSWER-saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates
Chloroplasts - ANSWER-organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and
convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
mitochondria - ANSWER-the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
mitochondrial matrix - ANSWER-The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by
the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
intermembrane space - ANSWER-the fluid filled space between the inner and outer
mitochondrial membranes
photosynthesis - ANSWER-process by which plants and some other organisms use
light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy
carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules
in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
microfilaments - ANSWER-fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton
intermediate filaments - ANSWER-anchorage of nucleus and certain other
organelles, formation of nuclear lamina
microtubles - ANSWER-Shape the cell and act as tracks for motor protein.
Tight junctions - ANSWER-Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together,
preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
Anchoring junctions - ANSWER-junctions that hold cells together loosely
Gap junctions - ANSWER-Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to
another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions.
Cell wall - ANSWER-a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
Organelles - ANSWER-structures in a cell with a specific function
Molecules - ANSWER-groups of atoms
ANSWERS
vesicles - ANSWER-small membrane sacs that specialize in moving products into,
out of, and within a cell
vacuoles - ANSWER-saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates
Chloroplasts - ANSWER-organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and
convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis
mitochondria - ANSWER-the organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
mitochondrial matrix - ANSWER-The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by
the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle.
intermembrane space - ANSWER-the fluid filled space between the inner and outer
mitochondrial membranes
photosynthesis - ANSWER-process by which plants and some other organisms use
light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy
carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules
in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
microfilaments - ANSWER-fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton
intermediate filaments - ANSWER-anchorage of nucleus and certain other
organelles, formation of nuclear lamina
microtubles - ANSWER-Shape the cell and act as tracks for motor protein.
Tight junctions - ANSWER-Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together,
preventing leakage of extracellular fluid
Anchoring junctions - ANSWER-junctions that hold cells together loosely
Gap junctions - ANSWER-Points that provide cytoplasmic channels from one cell to
another with special membrane proteins. Also called communicating junctions.
Cell wall - ANSWER-a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
Organelles - ANSWER-structures in a cell with a specific function
Molecules - ANSWER-groups of atoms
