Test Bank For
A History of Psychology, The Emergence of Science and Applications, 7E By William Douglas
Woody, Wayne Viney
Chapter 1-18
Chapter 1
Critical Issues in Historical Studies
1. As a self-conscious formal discipline, psychology is
a. about 300 years old.
*b. little more than 100 years old.
c. only 50 years old.
d. almost 500 years old.
[p. 3]
2. Each of the following is a reason to study history EXCEPT
* a. History encourages a narrow perspective.
b. History teaches a healthy skepticism.
c. History teaches humility.
d. History is a key to understanding the future.
[pp. 3-4]
3. In a broad and philosophical sense, the term historiography refers to
a. philosophical questions about history.
b. philosophical questions about historical methodology.
c. characteristics of a body of historical writings.
* d. all of the above.
[p. 4]
4. According to the text, history has an empirical component that includes
a. attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect.
b. only those rare instances when historians conduct experiments.
c. explanations offered by historians.
* d. data such as unpublished letters, diaries, etc.
[p. 5]
5. According to the text, history has an explanatory component. The explanatory component includes
* a. attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect.
b. attempts by historians to define history.
c. chronological records.
d. data such as unpublished letters, newspaper accounts, etc.
[p. 5]
6. There are many definitions of history. The definition preferred by the authors of your text is that history is
* a. the interpretive study of the events of the human past.
b. the chronology of the events that provide the raw material for the historian.
c. the scientific study of the past.
d. all of the above.
[p.5]
7. The kind of objectivity we might reasonably expect of historical writing is that objectivity characterized by
,a. correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past.
* b. an honest attempt to present all sides of an issue.
c. an attempt to simply chronicle the events of the past.
d. the attempt to leave all feeling out of the historical narrative.
[pp.6-7]
8. The term presentism, as used in the text, refers to
a. the correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past that it describes.
* b. the difficulties of separating historical facts from present perspectives.
c. the attempt to understand the past for its own sake.
d. the belief that past traditions and values are always superior to present values.
[p. 7]
9. An individual who believes that the human situation is continually improving over time and generations
accepts
* a. the linear-progressive hypothesis.
b. the chaos hypothesis.
c. the linear-regressive.
d. the cyclical hypothesis.
[p. 8]
10. The belief that history has no identifiable or universal meaning is
a. the linear-progressive hypothesis.
* b. the chaos hypothesis.
c. the linear-regressive.
d. the cyclical hypothesis.
[pp. 8-9]
11. The German term Zeitgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term refers to
* a. the spirit of the time.
b. the spirit of the place.
c. the causal role of persons in history.
d. the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history.
[p. 9]
12. The German term Ortgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term refers to
a. the spirit of the time.
* b. the spirit of the place.
c. the causal role of persons in history.
d. the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history.
[p. 9]
13. When considering the forces that shape history, one must be cautious to avoid hagiography, the
a. tendency to attribute historical change to only impersonal forces.
*b. tendency to give individuals excessive credit for historical developments.
c. tendency to ignore the interplay between individuals and context.
d. tendency to emphasize an internalist perspective.
[p. 10]
Essay Questions
1. To what degree should a scientist be knowledgeable about the history of the discipline he or she studies?
How is the practice of science hindered when scientists lack a solid grounding in the history of their
discipline?
, 2. What type of history might be produced when an historian documents a scientific discipline (an external
history)? What type of history might be produced when a scientist documents his or her own discipline (an
internal history)?
Chapter 2
Philosophical Issues
1. The term epistemology, is derived from the Greek episteme, which means
a. to value highly.
b. to exist.
* c. to understand or know.
d. to be skeptical.
[p. 12]
2. The term A Priori refers to
a. that which is derived from experience.
b. knowledge that is acquired through learning.
* c. self-evident truths known through intuition.
d. the nature of being.
[p. 12]
3. The term A Posteriori refers to
* a. that which is derived from experience.
b. the study of problem solving.
c. self-evident truths known through intuition.
d. the nature of being.
[p. 12]
4. The empiricist, unlike the nativist, believes that
* a. all perceptions are learned or derived from experience.
b. we discern many truths through intuition alone.
c. A Posteriori knowledge is relatively unimportant.
d. there are a great many self-evident truths.
[p. 12]
5. The nativist believes that perceptual abilities
a. are learned or derived from experience.
b. are learned through interaction with others.
c. learned after birth are relatively unimportant.
* d. are operational from birth.
[p. 12]
6. According to the text, each of the following terms refer to abilities, or beliefs about abilities, that are built into
living systems, EXCEPT
a. a priori knowledge
b. instinct
*c. empiricism
d. nativism
[pp. 12-13]
7. According to the text, the method of _____ is surely the most common method of assessing truth.
a. rationalism
, * b. authority
c. empiricism
d. pragmatism
[p. 13]
8. Knowledge, according to empiricism, is based on facts presented through
* a. observation and experience.
b. intuition.
c. instinct.
d. authority.
[p. 14]
9. The term rationalism comes from the same Latin root as
a. logic.
b. intuition.
* c. reason.
d. mathematics.
[p. 14]
10. Aestheticism emphasizes
a. an active mind.
b. dependence on sensory experience.
* c. the belief that the principles of beauty are applicable to other arenas of thought.
d. the cash value of an idea.
[p. 14]
11. Pragmatism emphasizes the _____ of an idea.
a. absolute truth
b. intuitive success
c. importance of authoritarian validation
* d. cash value or workability
[p. 14]
12. Strong emotions are more likely to be conditioned to ____________ as a way of knowing.
* a. authority
b. pragmatism
c. empiricism
d. rationalism
[p. 15]
13. Observational evidence alone does not warrant a universal conclusion. Thus, though every observed swan is
white, there is no basis for saying that all swans are white. Such a contention is found in the work of an
important philosopher of science by the name of _____.
a. Thomas S. Kuhn
b. Paul Feyerabend
* c. Karl Popper
d. William James
[p. 16]
14. According to Popper, a theory should
a. survive over time.
* b. be falsifiable.
c. have intuitive appeal.
d. meet an aesthetic criterion.
[p. 16]
A History of Psychology, The Emergence of Science and Applications, 7E By William Douglas
Woody, Wayne Viney
Chapter 1-18
Chapter 1
Critical Issues in Historical Studies
1. As a self-conscious formal discipline, psychology is
a. about 300 years old.
*b. little more than 100 years old.
c. only 50 years old.
d. almost 500 years old.
[p. 3]
2. Each of the following is a reason to study history EXCEPT
* a. History encourages a narrow perspective.
b. History teaches a healthy skepticism.
c. History teaches humility.
d. History is a key to understanding the future.
[pp. 3-4]
3. In a broad and philosophical sense, the term historiography refers to
a. philosophical questions about history.
b. philosophical questions about historical methodology.
c. characteristics of a body of historical writings.
* d. all of the above.
[p. 4]
4. According to the text, history has an empirical component that includes
a. attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect.
b. only those rare instances when historians conduct experiments.
c. explanations offered by historians.
* d. data such as unpublished letters, diaries, etc.
[p. 5]
5. According to the text, history has an explanatory component. The explanatory component includes
* a. attempts by historians to make sense of the data they collect.
b. attempts by historians to define history.
c. chronological records.
d. data such as unpublished letters, newspaper accounts, etc.
[p. 5]
6. There are many definitions of history. The definition preferred by the authors of your text is that history is
* a. the interpretive study of the events of the human past.
b. the chronology of the events that provide the raw material for the historian.
c. the scientific study of the past.
d. all of the above.
[p.5]
7. The kind of objectivity we might reasonably expect of historical writing is that objectivity characterized by
,a. correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past.
* b. an honest attempt to present all sides of an issue.
c. an attempt to simply chronicle the events of the past.
d. the attempt to leave all feeling out of the historical narrative.
[pp.6-7]
8. The term presentism, as used in the text, refers to
a. the correspondence between a historical narrative and the events of the past that it describes.
* b. the difficulties of separating historical facts from present perspectives.
c. the attempt to understand the past for its own sake.
d. the belief that past traditions and values are always superior to present values.
[p. 7]
9. An individual who believes that the human situation is continually improving over time and generations
accepts
* a. the linear-progressive hypothesis.
b. the chaos hypothesis.
c. the linear-regressive.
d. the cyclical hypothesis.
[p. 8]
10. The belief that history has no identifiable or universal meaning is
a. the linear-progressive hypothesis.
* b. the chaos hypothesis.
c. the linear-regressive.
d. the cyclical hypothesis.
[pp. 8-9]
11. The German term Zeitgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term refers to
* a. the spirit of the time.
b. the spirit of the place.
c. the causal role of persons in history.
d. the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history.
[p. 9]
12. The German term Ortgeist is relevant to the problem of causality in history. The term refers to
a. the spirit of the time.
* b. the spirit of the place.
c. the causal role of persons in history.
d. the importance of emphasizing biographical studies in history.
[p. 9]
13. When considering the forces that shape history, one must be cautious to avoid hagiography, the
a. tendency to attribute historical change to only impersonal forces.
*b. tendency to give individuals excessive credit for historical developments.
c. tendency to ignore the interplay between individuals and context.
d. tendency to emphasize an internalist perspective.
[p. 10]
Essay Questions
1. To what degree should a scientist be knowledgeable about the history of the discipline he or she studies?
How is the practice of science hindered when scientists lack a solid grounding in the history of their
discipline?
, 2. What type of history might be produced when an historian documents a scientific discipline (an external
history)? What type of history might be produced when a scientist documents his or her own discipline (an
internal history)?
Chapter 2
Philosophical Issues
1. The term epistemology, is derived from the Greek episteme, which means
a. to value highly.
b. to exist.
* c. to understand or know.
d. to be skeptical.
[p. 12]
2. The term A Priori refers to
a. that which is derived from experience.
b. knowledge that is acquired through learning.
* c. self-evident truths known through intuition.
d. the nature of being.
[p. 12]
3. The term A Posteriori refers to
* a. that which is derived from experience.
b. the study of problem solving.
c. self-evident truths known through intuition.
d. the nature of being.
[p. 12]
4. The empiricist, unlike the nativist, believes that
* a. all perceptions are learned or derived from experience.
b. we discern many truths through intuition alone.
c. A Posteriori knowledge is relatively unimportant.
d. there are a great many self-evident truths.
[p. 12]
5. The nativist believes that perceptual abilities
a. are learned or derived from experience.
b. are learned through interaction with others.
c. learned after birth are relatively unimportant.
* d. are operational from birth.
[p. 12]
6. According to the text, each of the following terms refer to abilities, or beliefs about abilities, that are built into
living systems, EXCEPT
a. a priori knowledge
b. instinct
*c. empiricism
d. nativism
[pp. 12-13]
7. According to the text, the method of _____ is surely the most common method of assessing truth.
a. rationalism
, * b. authority
c. empiricism
d. pragmatism
[p. 13]
8. Knowledge, according to empiricism, is based on facts presented through
* a. observation and experience.
b. intuition.
c. instinct.
d. authority.
[p. 14]
9. The term rationalism comes from the same Latin root as
a. logic.
b. intuition.
* c. reason.
d. mathematics.
[p. 14]
10. Aestheticism emphasizes
a. an active mind.
b. dependence on sensory experience.
* c. the belief that the principles of beauty are applicable to other arenas of thought.
d. the cash value of an idea.
[p. 14]
11. Pragmatism emphasizes the _____ of an idea.
a. absolute truth
b. intuitive success
c. importance of authoritarian validation
* d. cash value or workability
[p. 14]
12. Strong emotions are more likely to be conditioned to ____________ as a way of knowing.
* a. authority
b. pragmatism
c. empiricism
d. rationalism
[p. 15]
13. Observational evidence alone does not warrant a universal conclusion. Thus, though every observed swan is
white, there is no basis for saying that all swans are white. Such a contention is found in the work of an
important philosopher of science by the name of _____.
a. Thomas S. Kuhn
b. Paul Feyerabend
* c. Karl Popper
d. William James
[p. 16]
14. According to Popper, a theory should
a. survive over time.
* b. be falsifiable.
c. have intuitive appeal.
d. meet an aesthetic criterion.
[p. 16]
