HSC 3057 Research Methods
Full Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. What is the primary purpose of randomization in health
research studies?
- A. To select the most qualified participants
- B. To eliminate selection bias
- C. To ensure ethical approval
- D. To increase sample size
ANS : B. To eliminate selection bias
Rationale : Randomization distributes participants randomly
across study groups, ensuring unbiased allocation.
©2025
,2. Which type of study design is best suited to establish causality
between exposure and outcome?
- A. Cross-sectional study
- B. Cohort study
- C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- D. Case-control study
ANS : C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Rationale : RCTs are designed to test causal relationships by
comparing intervention and control groups.
3. What is a key characteristic of qualitative research methods?
- A. Focus on numerical data
- B. Generalization of findings
- C. Exploration of subjective experiences
- D. Use of randomized sampling
ANS : C. Exploration of subjective experiences
Rationale : Qualitative research aims to understand personal
and social contexts through detailed narratives.
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©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. In statistical analysis, a ____, measures the strength and
direction of the relationship between two variables.
ANS : Correlation coefficient
Rationale : Correlation coefficients quantify the association
between variables, ranging from -1 to +1.
5. The type of error that occurs when the null hypothesis is
falsely rejected is known as ____.
ANS : Type I error
Rationale : A Type I error happens when a researcher
concludes an effect exists when it does not.
6. The process of systematic review in research involves
summarizing evidence from ____, studies to ANS a specific
question.
ANS : Multiple
Rationale : Systematic reviews synthesize data from various
studies to enhance reliability and validity.
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©2025
, True/False Questions
7. A confounding variable has no impact on the relationship
between the independent and dependent variables.
ANS : False
Rationale : Confounders distort the association between
exposure and outcome, influencing the study results.
8. Ethics approval is mandatory for all health research involving
human participants.
ANS : True
Rationale : Ethical review ensures the protection of
participants' rights and adherence to ethical standards.
9. A p-value less than 0.05 indicates statistical insignificance.
ANS : False
Rationale : A p-value below 0.05 suggests statistical
significance, meaning results are unlikely due to chance.
---
Multiple Response Questions
©2025
Full Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. What is the primary purpose of randomization in health
research studies?
- A. To select the most qualified participants
- B. To eliminate selection bias
- C. To ensure ethical approval
- D. To increase sample size
ANS : B. To eliminate selection bias
Rationale : Randomization distributes participants randomly
across study groups, ensuring unbiased allocation.
©2025
,2. Which type of study design is best suited to establish causality
between exposure and outcome?
- A. Cross-sectional study
- B. Cohort study
- C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
- D. Case-control study
ANS : C. Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Rationale : RCTs are designed to test causal relationships by
comparing intervention and control groups.
3. What is a key characteristic of qualitative research methods?
- A. Focus on numerical data
- B. Generalization of findings
- C. Exploration of subjective experiences
- D. Use of randomized sampling
ANS : C. Exploration of subjective experiences
Rationale : Qualitative research aims to understand personal
and social contexts through detailed narratives.
---
©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. In statistical analysis, a ____, measures the strength and
direction of the relationship between two variables.
ANS : Correlation coefficient
Rationale : Correlation coefficients quantify the association
between variables, ranging from -1 to +1.
5. The type of error that occurs when the null hypothesis is
falsely rejected is known as ____.
ANS : Type I error
Rationale : A Type I error happens when a researcher
concludes an effect exists when it does not.
6. The process of systematic review in research involves
summarizing evidence from ____, studies to ANS a specific
question.
ANS : Multiple
Rationale : Systematic reviews synthesize data from various
studies to enhance reliability and validity.
---
©2025
, True/False Questions
7. A confounding variable has no impact on the relationship
between the independent and dependent variables.
ANS : False
Rationale : Confounders distort the association between
exposure and outcome, influencing the study results.
8. Ethics approval is mandatory for all health research involving
human participants.
ANS : True
Rationale : Ethical review ensures the protection of
participants' rights and adherence to ethical standards.
9. A p-value less than 0.05 indicates statistical insignificance.
ANS : False
Rationale : A p-value below 0.05 suggests statistical
significance, meaning results are unlikely due to chance.
---
Multiple Response Questions
©2025
