MEDICAL NEUROSCIENCE EXAM 2
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
structures in the CNS that lack BBB - Answer-area postrema, pineal body,
subfornical organ, OVLT, posterior pituitary, medial eminence, all of which have
perivascular spaces that allow selective molecules to pass through
long receptors generate - Answer-APs as well as a receptor potential
sensory threshold - Answer-lowest stimulus intensity a subject can detect
pyramidal cells are - Answer-more numerous than nonpyramidal cells and are much
larger
pyramidal cells - Answer-principal output neurons of the cortex that make excitatory
glutamatergic synapses on their targets
most nonpyramidal cells are - Answer-small, multipolar neurons with short axons
- represent the principal interneurons of the cortex and most of them make inhibitory
gabaergic synpapses on their targets
Golgi stain - Answer-stains the shape of only a few neurons and leaves the others
unstained
Nissl stain - Answer-shows the cell bodies of all neurons revealing various neuronal
cell type distribution among thre six layers
Weigert stain - Answer-shows myelin demonstrating vertcally-oriented bundles of
axons entering and leaving the cortex
arcuate fasciculus - Answer-A bundle of axons that connects Wernicke's Area
(language comprehension) with Broca's Area (motor function of speech).
association bundle that arcs above the insula and interconnets anterior and posterior
parts of each hemisphere
primary areas - Answer-relatively small proportion of the neocortex but deal with
elemental functions like somatic sensation, vision, an voluntary movement
Unimodal association areas - Answer-receive major input from the primary area and
work on more complex or refined aspects of the same function (ie analyzing shape,
color or movement of objects)
, Multimodal association areas - Answer-receive major inputs from unimodal areas of
multiple types and are critical involved in the higher cognitive functions (major
expanses are parts of prefrontal cortex and parts of parietal and temporal lobes)
Limbic areas - Answer-include cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, orbital and
anterior temporal cortex and much of the insula receive converging inputs from
multimodal areas and from other parts of the limbic system - direct behavior and
determine emotional and motivational states
Major elements of basal ganglia - Answer-caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus
pallidus
major input structures of the basal ganglia - Answer-Caudate nucleus and putamen
major output structure of the basal ganglia - Answer-globus pallidus
Limbic system: contains - Answer-thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
notochord - Answer-mesodermal cells along mid anterior-posterior line during
invagination of primitive pit
ectoderm above the notochord gives rise to - Answer-entire NS
notochord and primitive pit send signals to the ectoderm to give rise to - Answer-a
columnar plate called the neural plate
posterior end of neural plate becomes - Answer-spinal cord
anterior end of neural platebecomes - Answer-brain
neural crest cells give rise to - Answer-- PNS Neurons
- Schwann Cells
- autonomic ganglia
Also:
- Melanocytes
- Enterochromaffin Cells
neural tube cells give rise to - Answer-CNS neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,
ependymal cells, and the ventricles
leptomeninges - Answer-arachnoid and pia mater
cisterns - Answer-fluid filled cavities in subarachnoid space to pool CSF
dural venous sinus - Answer-space between the layers of the dura mater where
venous blood is found -
movement of CSF - Answer-Lateral ventricles are the largest (1st and 2nd ventricles)
→ interventricular foramen →
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
structures in the CNS that lack BBB - Answer-area postrema, pineal body,
subfornical organ, OVLT, posterior pituitary, medial eminence, all of which have
perivascular spaces that allow selective molecules to pass through
long receptors generate - Answer-APs as well as a receptor potential
sensory threshold - Answer-lowest stimulus intensity a subject can detect
pyramidal cells are - Answer-more numerous than nonpyramidal cells and are much
larger
pyramidal cells - Answer-principal output neurons of the cortex that make excitatory
glutamatergic synapses on their targets
most nonpyramidal cells are - Answer-small, multipolar neurons with short axons
- represent the principal interneurons of the cortex and most of them make inhibitory
gabaergic synpapses on their targets
Golgi stain - Answer-stains the shape of only a few neurons and leaves the others
unstained
Nissl stain - Answer-shows the cell bodies of all neurons revealing various neuronal
cell type distribution among thre six layers
Weigert stain - Answer-shows myelin demonstrating vertcally-oriented bundles of
axons entering and leaving the cortex
arcuate fasciculus - Answer-A bundle of axons that connects Wernicke's Area
(language comprehension) with Broca's Area (motor function of speech).
association bundle that arcs above the insula and interconnets anterior and posterior
parts of each hemisphere
primary areas - Answer-relatively small proportion of the neocortex but deal with
elemental functions like somatic sensation, vision, an voluntary movement
Unimodal association areas - Answer-receive major input from the primary area and
work on more complex or refined aspects of the same function (ie analyzing shape,
color or movement of objects)
, Multimodal association areas - Answer-receive major inputs from unimodal areas of
multiple types and are critical involved in the higher cognitive functions (major
expanses are parts of prefrontal cortex and parts of parietal and temporal lobes)
Limbic areas - Answer-include cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, orbital and
anterior temporal cortex and much of the insula receive converging inputs from
multimodal areas and from other parts of the limbic system - direct behavior and
determine emotional and motivational states
Major elements of basal ganglia - Answer-caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus
pallidus
major input structures of the basal ganglia - Answer-Caudate nucleus and putamen
major output structure of the basal ganglia - Answer-globus pallidus
Limbic system: contains - Answer-thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus
notochord - Answer-mesodermal cells along mid anterior-posterior line during
invagination of primitive pit
ectoderm above the notochord gives rise to - Answer-entire NS
notochord and primitive pit send signals to the ectoderm to give rise to - Answer-a
columnar plate called the neural plate
posterior end of neural plate becomes - Answer-spinal cord
anterior end of neural platebecomes - Answer-brain
neural crest cells give rise to - Answer-- PNS Neurons
- Schwann Cells
- autonomic ganglia
Also:
- Melanocytes
- Enterochromaffin Cells
neural tube cells give rise to - Answer-CNS neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,
ependymal cells, and the ventricles
leptomeninges - Answer-arachnoid and pia mater
cisterns - Answer-fluid filled cavities in subarachnoid space to pool CSF
dural venous sinus - Answer-space between the layers of the dura mater where
venous blood is found -
movement of CSF - Answer-Lateral ventricles are the largest (1st and 2nd ventricles)
→ interventricular foramen →
