PSYCHOLOGY(David G. Myers 12th edition) Prologue Book Questions.

PSYCHOLOGY(David G. Myers 12th edition): Prologue Book Questions Evaluating evidence, assessing conclusions, and examining our own assuptions are essential parts of critical thinking - Correct Answers: Describe what's involved in critical thinking. Scientific psychology began in Germany in 1879 when Willhelm Wundt opened the first psychology lab. - Correct Answers: What event defined the start of scientfic psychology? People's self-reports varied, depending on the experience and the persons intelligence and verbal ability - Correct Answers: Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works? Structuralism; functionalism - Correct Answers: The school of ___________ used introspection to define the minds makeup. _____________ focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive and flourish Behaviorism;Freudian - Correct Answers: From the 1920's through the 1960's, the two major forces in psychology were ___________ and____________psychology It recaptured the fields early interest in mental processes and made them legitimate for scientific study - Correct Answers: How did the cognitive revolution affect the field of psychology? This is the process by which nature selects from chance variations the traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a paricular environment. - Correct Answers: What is natural selection? Psychological events stem from the interaction of nature and nurture, rather than from either of them acting alone - Correct Answers: What is contemporary psychology's position on the nature-nurture issue? By incorportating three different levels of analysis, the biopyschosocial approach can provide a more complete view than any one perspective could offer - Correct Answers: What advantage do we gain by using the biopsychosocial approach in studying psychologica events? social-culture; behavioral - Correct Answers: The_____________-_____________ perspective in psychology focuses on how behavior and thought differ from situation to situation and from culture to cuture, while the _______________perspective emphasizes observation of how we respond to and learn in different situations Community Psychology - Correct Answers: Works to create social and physical environments that are healthy for all Clinical Psychology - Correct Answers: Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders but usually does not provide medical therapy Psychiatry - Correct Answers: Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders Testing Effect - Correct Answers: The _______________ _______________ describes the enhanced memory that results from repeated retrival (as in self-testing) rather than from simple rereading of new info. Survey, Qustions, Read, Retrieve, Review - Correct Answers: What does the acronym SQ3R stand for? Psychologys findings, based on an empirical approach, are the result of careful observation and testing. Sifting sense from nonsense requires a scientific attitude. The so-called "rat" (as in a psychologist's maze, for example) is always right because the facts are the facts, even when we find them surprising. - Correct Answers: How is psychology a science, and why is it the "rat is always right"? The scientific attitude equips us to be curious, skeptical and humble in scrutinizing competing ideas or our own observations. Curiosity triggers new ideas, skepticism encourages attention to the facts and humanility helps us discard predictions that cant be verified by research. Together, these three key elements make modern science possible. - Correct Answers: What are the three key elements of the scientific attitude, and how do they support scientific inquiry? Critical thinking puts ideas to the test by examining assumptions, appraising the source, discerning hidden biases, evaluating evidence, and assessing conclusions. - Correct Answers: How does critical thinking feed a scientific attitude, and smarter thinking for everyday life? Wilhelm Wundt est. the first psychological laboratory in 1879 in Germany. Two early schools of thought in psychology were structuralism and functionalism - Correct Answers: What were some important milestones in psychology's early developent? Critical thinking is smart thinking. When evaluating media claims (even about topics you might not know much about), look for empirical evidence. - Correct Answers: How can critical thinking help you evaluate claims in the media, even if you're not a scientific expert on the issue? William Wundt - Correct Answers: In 1879, in psychologys first experiment __________ and his students measured the time lag between hearing a ball hit a platform and pressing a key. Functionalists; structuralists - Correct Answers: William James would be considered a _________ Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener would be considered _________. John B. Watson - Correct Answers: In the early twenthieth century__________ redefined psychology as "the science of observable behavior". Biology is to experience - Correct Answers: Nature is to nurture as The environment has an influence on us, but the influnce is constrained by our biology. Nature and nurture interact. - Correct Answers: "Nurture works on what nature provides". Describe what this means, using your own words. Despite some gender differences, the underlying processes of human behavior are the same - Correct Answers: A true statement regarding gender differences and similarities? Positive Psychology - Correct Answers: Martin Seligman and other researchers who explore various aspects of human flousrishing refer to their field of study as _______________ ________________ Clinical Psychologist - Correct Answers: A psychologists treating emotionally troubled adolescents at a local mental health agency is most likely to be a...... Psychiatrist - Correct Answers: A mental health professional with a medicine degree who can prescribe medication is a ___ observe 3- and 6-year-olds solving puzzles and analyze differences in their abilities - Correct Answers: A psychologists conducting basic research to expand psychology's knowledge base may....