Social Psychology Practice Final Exam Questions And Answers

Social Psychology Practice Final Exam Questions And Answers What should police officers do to prevent false identifications during lineups? A.Show all the potential perpetrators at once. B.Decrease witness's stress levels by only showing them mug shots. C.Tell witnesses that the lineup may not include the suspect. D.Use foils with a wide range of physical characteristics. - Answers-C.Tell witnesses that the lineup may not include the suspect. .The process whereby information obtained after an event alters memories of the event is known as A.misinformation effect. B.unconscious transference. C.selective memory. D.integrative amnesia - Answers-A.misinformation effect. .Social psychological research has revealed a _______ relation between eyewitness confidence and accuracy. A.weak negative B.nonexistent C.strong positive D.weak positive - Answers-D.weak positive .Recall that Rod Lindsay and his colleagues (1981) staged a calculator theft witnessed by students. These students were videotaped as they were questioned about their eyewitness identifications, and the videotapes were later viewed by students playing the role of jurors. These researchers found that student jurors A.considered circumstances in which the eyewitnesses encountered the alleged thief. B.believed the eyewitnesses, even when their identifications were inaccurate. C.discounted circumstantial evidence when eyewitness testimony was available. D.discounted inaccurate eyewitness testimony when the alleged thief confessed. - Answers-B.believed the eyewitnesses, even when their identifications were inaccurate. .Own-race bias may occur because, when people look at same-race faces, they focus on _____________, whereas when they look at different-race faces, they focus on _________________. A.the whole face all together; features one at a time B.individual features; the whole face all together C.features that distinguish individuals from each other; features that distinguish the races from each other D.noses and mouths; eyes - Answers-C.features that distinguish individuals from each other; features that distinguish the races from each other .Social psychological research has revealed a _______ relation between eyewitness confidence and accuracy. A.weak negative B.nonexistent C.strong positive D.weak positive - Answers-D.weak positive .When the misinformation effect occurs, it is due to erroneous ______ that results in a(n) ______. A.eyewitness testimony; false conviction B.post-event information; source monitoring error C.stereotypes; biased decision making by jurors D.interpretation of evidence; unjustified acquittal - Answers-B.post-event information; source monitoring error .The own-race bias refers to the finding that A.jurors are unlikely to convict a member of their own race. B.people are better at recognizing faces from members of their own race. C.crime rates are lower in neighborhoods in which same-race police patrol. D.lawyers are more successful in defending people of their own race. - Answers-B.people are better at recognizing faces from members of their own race. .Chris recently robbed a liquor store and is now scheduled to be in a police lineup where witnesses will try to identify him. Which of the following things would social psychologists NOT recommend to police in order to avoid the "best guess" problem wherein witnesses pick the person who looks most like the suspect? A.tell witnesses that the person suspected of the crime may or may not be in the lineup B.do not always include the suspect in an initial lineup C.present pictures of the suspects all at once rather than one at a time so simultaneous comparisons can be made D.make sure everyone in the lineup resembles the witness's description of the suspect E.present witnesses with both photographs and audio recordings of their voices so they can better identify suspects - Answers-C.present pictures of the suspects all at once rather than one at a time so simultaneous comparisons can be made .Recall that Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues (1978) showed participants a series of slides that depicted an automobile accident. Some participants saw a yield sign in the photos, and other participants saw a stop sign. Later, participants were asked questions that contained information that either matched or did not match what they had actually seen (i.e., a stop sign versus a yield sign). Results demonstrated that participants were least accurate in remembering what they had actually seen when A.they had a very short time to view the slide series. B.question contents contradicted what they had actually seen. C.question contents reflected what they had actually seen. D.they reported what they had seen after being questioned, rather than before. - Answers-B.question contents contradicted what they had actually seen. .The process whereby information obtained after an event alters memories of the event is known as A.the misinformation effect. B.unconscious transference. C.a reality-monitoring error. D.node integration. - Answers-A.the misinformation effect. .Recall that Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues (1978) showed participants a series of slides that depicted an automobile accident. Some participants saw a yield sign in the photos, and other participants saw a stop sign. Later, participants were asked questions that contained information that either matched or did not match what they had actually seen (i.e., a stop sign versus a yield sign). Results demonstrated that participants were least accurate in remembering what they had actually seen when A.they had a very short time to view the slide series. B.question contents contradicted what they had actually seen. C.question contents reflected what they had actually seen. D.they reported what they had seen after being questioned, rather than before. - Answers-B.question contents contradicted what they had actually seen. .Which of the following procedures would be most effective in minimizing "false identification" by an eyewitness? A.Insist that the suspect and foils remain silent during the lineup. B.Ensure that the suspect and foils differ greatly in appearance. C.Present the suspect and foils sequentially. D.Tell the eyewitness nothing about whether the suspect might or might not be in the lineup - Answers-C.Present the suspect and foils sequentially. .Ironically, a few scientific studies have revealed that swift imposition of the death penalty is associated with an increase in murders. The authors speculate that this finding may not seem so bizarre if one considers A.executions as acts of aggression that might lead to imitation. B.the race of the convicted murderer. C.economic factors that result in hopelessness and frustration. D.people's sense of procedural justice. - Answers-A.executions as acts of aggression that might lead to imitation. .Considerable social psychological research has demonstrated that jurors tend to A.disregard eyewitness testimony when there is powerful circumstantial evidence. B.overestimate the accuracy of eyewitnesses. C.prefer expert testimony to eyewitness testimony. D.discount eyewitness testimony when it is presented last in a trial. - Answers-B.overestimate the accuracy of eyewitnesses. .If you were a prosecutor, what would you be most likely to do to convince the jury that the defendant is guilty? A.Mention the defendant's criminal record. B.Explain the defendant's motives for committing the crime. C.Describe the circumstantial evidence placing the defendant at the crime scene. D.Have an eyewitness testify that she saw the defendant commit the crime. - Answers-D.Have an eyewitness testify that she saw the defendant commit the crime. .Despite the fact that normative and informational conformity pressures often convince dissenting jurors to adopt the majority point of view, unanimous verdicts are desirable because this requirement encourages jurors to A.consider the evidence more carefully. B.discuss their original biases. C.convict on the more serious offense. D.reach a speedy and accurate verdict. - Answers-A.consider the evidence more carefully. .If a single juror disagrees with the rest, what is likely to happen during deliberations? A.The majority will come to see that the dissenter is right. B.The single juror will change his or her mind and vote with the majority. C.Neither the single juror nor the majority will change their minds and the jury will be hung. D.The majority will be persuaded by compelling logical arguments from the lone dissenter. - Answers-B.The single juror will change his or her mind and vote with the majority. .Empirical research suggests that the most common cause of false convictions is A.incompetent or overworked defense counsel B.prejudice among the jury members C.erroneous eyewitness identification D.jurors' inability to understand technical aspects of forensic evidence - Answers-C.erroneous eyewitness identification .Considerable social psychological research has demonstrated that jurors tend to A.disregard eyewitness testimony when there is powerful circumstantial evidence. B.overestimate the accuracy of eyewitnesses. C.prefer expert testimony to eyewitness testimony. D.discount eyewitness testimony when it is presented last in a trial. - Answers-B.overestimate the accuracy of eyewitnesses. .Elizabeth Loftus' "Lost in the Mall" effect is an example of which of the following? A.A schema-based construal of ambiguous social experience that occurred in the past B.A case of stereotype-based knowledge overriding the use of individuating information. C.A use of the availability heuristic that results in a false memory. D.A reality-monitoring error. - Answers-D.A reality-monitoring error.