BIO 175 exam 1 Questions and Answers
100% Solved
Why would someone use a gram stain? To distinguish between positive and negative
gram
What part of a bacterium is stained by a gram stain? cell wall
Know how to identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Positive stain purple,
negative stain red
What is peptidoglycan? a substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria, consisting of
glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked with short peptides.
Where is peptidoglycan found? cell wall
What are the differences between gram-positive versus gram-negative bacteria? positive-
thick wall, purple
negative-thin wall, pink
,What are lysozymes? An enzyme present in body secretions that is generalized against
microbial infection
Describe the DNA in bacteria. Can be found in plasmid, nucleotide or bacterial
chromosome
Describe endospores. Endospores resist extremes of heat, drying, freezing, radiation, and
chemicals that would kill vegetative cells
Identify types of Archaea a. Halophiles - salt-loving b. Thermophiles - heat-loving c.
Psychrophiles - cold-loving d. Methanogens - produce methane gas
What types of structures help bacteria adhere to surfaces? Pilus & fimbria
What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton? Internal structural support
What kind of organisms can be considered as protists? A protist is any eukaryotic
organism that is not an animal, plant or fungus. Protozoans, algae, slime molds.
, How do eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella? Eukaryotic:
Thicker by a factor of 10
-Structurally more complex
-Covered by an extension of the cell membrane
-Long, sheathed cylinder containing regularly spaced microtubules
What is the function of the glycocalyx? •Contributes to protection, adherence, and signal
reception
What makes up the cell wall of fungi? glycans and chitin or cellulose
What components can be found in the cell membrane of a eukaryote? a. Proteins,
cholesterols, sterols, phospholipids
Identify the function of histones. winding spools to compact and condense the
chromosomes. Impact gene regulation
100% Solved
Why would someone use a gram stain? To distinguish between positive and negative
gram
What part of a bacterium is stained by a gram stain? cell wall
Know how to identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Positive stain purple,
negative stain red
What is peptidoglycan? a substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria, consisting of
glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked with short peptides.
Where is peptidoglycan found? cell wall
What are the differences between gram-positive versus gram-negative bacteria? positive-
thick wall, purple
negative-thin wall, pink
,What are lysozymes? An enzyme present in body secretions that is generalized against
microbial infection
Describe the DNA in bacteria. Can be found in plasmid, nucleotide or bacterial
chromosome
Describe endospores. Endospores resist extremes of heat, drying, freezing, radiation, and
chemicals that would kill vegetative cells
Identify types of Archaea a. Halophiles - salt-loving b. Thermophiles - heat-loving c.
Psychrophiles - cold-loving d. Methanogens - produce methane gas
What types of structures help bacteria adhere to surfaces? Pilus & fimbria
What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton? Internal structural support
What kind of organisms can be considered as protists? A protist is any eukaryotic
organism that is not an animal, plant or fungus. Protozoans, algae, slime molds.
, How do eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella? Eukaryotic:
Thicker by a factor of 10
-Structurally more complex
-Covered by an extension of the cell membrane
-Long, sheathed cylinder containing regularly spaced microtubules
What is the function of the glycocalyx? •Contributes to protection, adherence, and signal
reception
What makes up the cell wall of fungi? glycans and chitin or cellulose
What components can be found in the cell membrane of a eukaryote? a. Proteins,
cholesterols, sterols, phospholipids
Identify the function of histones. winding spools to compact and condense the
chromosomes. Impact gene regulation
