BIO 175 General Microbiology Final Exam –
Comprehensive Questions with Correct
Answers
Element The abbreviation, composed of a single type of atom and is determined by
atomic number
Mass Number Protons + Neutrons
Isotope Atoms of the same element whose nucleus contains the same number of protons
but different numbers of neutrons
Radioisotope Unstable isotopes that emit radiation
Covalent Bond A strong bond involving shared pairs of electrons between atoms.
Can be Polar or Nonpolar.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond Equal electron sharing
,Molecules do not interact with water
Polar Covalent Bond Unequal electron sharing
Molecules do interact with water
Molecules can also form Hydrogen Bonds
Ionic Bond Chemical bond involving electron donating.
Electron Donor loses 1 or more e-
Electron Acceptor gains those lost e-
Anion Ion with a NEGATIVE charge
Electron Acceptor
,Cation Ion with a POSITIVE charge
Electron Donor
Salts Molecules that are bonded ionically.
Electrolytes Salts dissolved in water are known as __________
Hydrogen Bond Bond between adjacent molecules, NOT ATOMS.
Involve slightly positive and negative portions of polar molecules being attracted to one another.
Anabolism All synthesis reactions in an organism
Catabolism All decomposition reactions in an organism
Metabolism Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
, Water Most abundant compound in organisms
Special Characteristics of Water 1. Cohesiveness
2. Excellent solvent
3. Liquid across wide range of temperatures
4. High heat capacity
5. Chemical reactivity
Organic Molecules Covalently bonded molecules that contain C, H, and usually O.
4 Types of Macromolecules 1. Lipids
2. Carbs
3. Proteins (Amino Acids)
4. Nucleic Acids
Lipids (Biological Macromolecules)
Comprehensive Questions with Correct
Answers
Element The abbreviation, composed of a single type of atom and is determined by
atomic number
Mass Number Protons + Neutrons
Isotope Atoms of the same element whose nucleus contains the same number of protons
but different numbers of neutrons
Radioisotope Unstable isotopes that emit radiation
Covalent Bond A strong bond involving shared pairs of electrons between atoms.
Can be Polar or Nonpolar.
Nonpolar Covalent Bond Equal electron sharing
,Molecules do not interact with water
Polar Covalent Bond Unequal electron sharing
Molecules do interact with water
Molecules can also form Hydrogen Bonds
Ionic Bond Chemical bond involving electron donating.
Electron Donor loses 1 or more e-
Electron Acceptor gains those lost e-
Anion Ion with a NEGATIVE charge
Electron Acceptor
,Cation Ion with a POSITIVE charge
Electron Donor
Salts Molecules that are bonded ionically.
Electrolytes Salts dissolved in water are known as __________
Hydrogen Bond Bond between adjacent molecules, NOT ATOMS.
Involve slightly positive and negative portions of polar molecules being attracted to one another.
Anabolism All synthesis reactions in an organism
Catabolism All decomposition reactions in an organism
Metabolism Sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
, Water Most abundant compound in organisms
Special Characteristics of Water 1. Cohesiveness
2. Excellent solvent
3. Liquid across wide range of temperatures
4. High heat capacity
5. Chemical reactivity
Organic Molecules Covalently bonded molecules that contain C, H, and usually O.
4 Types of Macromolecules 1. Lipids
2. Carbs
3. Proteins (Amino Acids)
4. Nucleic Acids
Lipids (Biological Macromolecules)
