Final CCHT Exam Q & A 2025-2026
Abscessa-acorrectaanswers-
anaabscessaisaanainfectionaunderatheaskin.aitalooksalikaablisteraorapimpleafilledawithafluidaorap
us.aifaneedlesaareainsertedaintoaoranearaanaabscess,ainfectionaofaaadialysisaaccessaoraotherat
issuesamayaoccur.
Accessa-acorrectaanswers-anaaccessa-vascularaaccess-
aisaaarouteaintoatheabloodstreamathataallowsaenoughabloodaflowaforahemodialysis.aforaperma
nentaaccess,aaasurgeonaconnectsaaaveinatoaanaartery.
Thisacanabeadoneadirectlya-Afistula-aorawithaaapieceaofasyntheticatubinga-
Agraft.aforashortatermaaccess,aaacatheteramayabeaplacedainaaalargeacentralavein.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Acida-acorrectaanswers-
anaacidaisasubstanceawithaaaphabelowa7.0athatacanadonateaaahydrogenaiona-
H+.ainatheahumanabody,aacidsaformawhenaproteinaandaotherafoodsaareabrokenadownabyacella
metabolism.
Acquiredaimmunodeficiencyasyndromea-AAIDSA-acorrectaanswers-
Acuteakidneyafailurea-acorrectaanswers-
acuteakidneyafailureahasaaasuddenaonset.aitaisamostaoftenacausedabyaanaillness,Ainjury,aorato
xinathatastressesatheakidneys.asomeapatientsawhoasurviveaacuteakidneyafailureacanarecovera
kidneyafunction.aothersadieaoragoaonatoadevelopachronicakidneyafailure.
Aluma-acorrectaanswers-
alumaisaanaaluminumacompound.aitaisaoftenaaddedatoacityawaterasuppliesatoaremoveasedime
ntaandamakeatheawateraclearer.
Aluminumacanabuildaupainatheabodiesaandabrainsaofadialysisapatients.aaluminumainadialysisa
wateramustabeakeptaatalowalevelsawithawateratreatment.A-acorrectaanswers-
Aluminum-relatedaboneadiseasea-AARBDA-acorrectaanswers-arbdaisacauseabyalong-
termaexposureatoaaluminum.aaluminumabuildsaupainatheatissuesaatatheapointawhereanewabon
eaformsaandabeaseenaonax-
ray.asourcesaofaaluminumaincludeadialysisawater,Amedications,aandacookware.
Phosphateabindersawithaaluminumaareaalsoaaasource,abutatheseaareararelyausedatoday.asy
mptomsaofaarbdacanaincludeadeepaboneapain,amuscleaweakness,aandafractures.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Amyloidosisa-acorrectaanswers-amyloidosisaoccursawhenaaproteingcalledabeta-2-
microglobulina-B2M-
abuildsaupainasoftatissues,Abones,aandajoints.atheadepositsacanacauseajointaandaoraboneapain.
ahigh-
fluxamembranesaandaoranoctournalahemodialysisaremoveamoreab2m,awhichamayahelpaprev
entaoratreatathisaproblem.
Anaphylaxisa-acorrectaanswers-
anaphylaxisaisaaafastasevereaimmunearesponseatoaanaallergen.ahives,Aitching,aorawheezinga
mayaoccur.aanaphylacticashockamayacauseabloodapressureadrop;achangeainaheartarhythmsa
oraarrest;aandaswellingaofathealips,Atongue,aandathroat.athisaproblemacanabeafatal.
,Anastomosisa-acorrectaanswers-
anaanastomosisaisaaasurgicalaconnectionabeteenatwoabloodavessels.adialysisaneedlesashoul
danotabeainsertedaintoatheaareaaofatheaanastomosisainaaafistualaoragraft.
Adsorba-acorrectaanswers-
adsorbameansatoaattractaandahold.atheadialyzeramembraneaadsorbsabloodaproteinsatoatheaw
allsaofatheahollowafibersaduringaaatreatment.
Thisacanamakeareusedadialyzersamoreabiocompatibleathananewaonesa-
aifableachaisanotausedatoaremoveatheaproteinacoating.A-acorrectaanswers-
Advanceadirectivesa-acorrectaanswers-
advanceadirectivesaoutlineaaapatient'sawishesaforamedicalatreatmentainacaseaheaorasheabec
omesatooaillatoamakeasuchachoices.aaalivingawillaisaoneatypeaofaadvanceadirective.
Theapatient'safamilyaandaotheramembersaofatheacareateamashouldabeatoldaofatheapatient'sawi
shesawhenaanaadvanceadirectiveaisadoneaandagivenaaacopyatoakeep.A-acorrectaanswers-
Afferenta-acorrectaanswers-meansatowardaanaorgan.
Airadetectora-acorrectaanswers-theaaira-
aorafoamadetectorachecksabloodainatheavenousalineaofatheaextracorporealacircuitaforaair.aairain
aaapatient'sabloodstreamacanastopatheabloodaflowaoraheartbeat,acausingadeath.
Ifatheadetectorafindsaair,aanaalarmawillasound,atheabloodapumpawillastop,aandatheavenousablo
odlineawillaclampatoakeepaairafromareachingatheapatient.A-acorrectaanswers-
Airaembolisma-acorrectaanswers-
anaairaembolismaoccursawhenaairabubblesaenteratheabloodstreamaandaflowaintoaaavesselasm
allaenoughatoabeablockedabyatheaair.atheaairainatheavesselaactsalikeaaaclot,ablockingatheaflowao
fablood.
Dialysisamachinesahaveaanaairadetectoraonatheavenousabloodlineatoahelpapreventathisaprobl
em,awhichacanabeafatal.A-acorrectaanswers-
Albumina-acorrectaanswers-albuminaisaaabloodaprotein.aloaserumaalbuminalevelsa-<3.5Ag/dl-
amayameanaaapatientaisaundernourished.amalnutritionaisaaacommonainadialysisapatientsaanda
raisesatheirariskaofadeath.
Anemiaa-acorrectaanswers-anemiaaisaaashortageaofaoxygen-
carryingaredabloodacells.aitacausesaseverafatigue,atroubleawithametalafocus,areducedaimmun
eafunction,aandamanyaotheraproblems.
Anemiaaisacommonainakidneyafailureadueatoalessaerythropoietin,aironadeficiency,aandalossaof
abloodathroughatestsaandadialysisaitself.A-acorrectaanswers-
Anesthetica-acorrectaanswers-
anaanestheticaisaaadrugathatanumbsatheabodyatoareduceapain.alocalaanestheticsacanabeainjec
tedaintoaaaspot,asuchaasatheaskinaaroundaaapunctureasite,abeforeaneedleaplacement.aor,agels
aoracreamsacanabeaputaonatheaskinatoapreventapainaatathatasite.
Aneurysma-acorrectaanswers-
anaaneurysmaisaaaballooningaorabulgingaofaaaweakaspotainaaabloodavessel.asevereableedinga
canaoccuraifaanaanerurysmaruptures,asoagreatacareamustabeatakenawithaaapatientawhoahasao
ne.aaneurysmsacanaoccuraifaneedlesaareaplacedatooaoftenaintoatheasmallaareaaofaaafistula.
Angioplastya-acorrectaanswers-
angioplastyaisaaaprocedureatoaopenaaanarrowedabloodavessela-
Astenosis.aitamayabeausedaforavascularaaccessarepair.aaasmallaballoonaisathreadedathroughat
heavesselaintoatheaaccessaandagentlyainflatedatoapushatheawallsaofatheavesselaopen.
Aniona-acorrectaanswers-anaanionaisaaanegatively-chargedaion.
,Antegradea-acorrectaanswers-antegradeameansaforward-
moving.ainadialysis,aitameansainatheadirectionaofabloodaflow.atheavenousaneedleashouldaalwa
ysabeaplacedaantegrade.atheaarterialaneedleaisaplacedaantegradeaoraretrograde,athoughathe
reaisasomeaevidencathataantegradeaisabetter.A.
Anticoagulanta-acorrectaanswers-anaanticoagulantaisaaablood-
thinningadrugausedatoakeepaclotsafromaforming.aanticoagulants,asuchaasaheperain,aareause
datoapreventaclottingainatheaextracorporealacircuitaduringahemodialysis.
Antidiureticahormone-AADHA-acorrectaanswers-antidiureticahormonea-aadhaoravasopressin-
aisareleasedabyatheapituitaryaglandainatheabrain.aadhahelpsapreventaexcessafluidalossabyatellin
gahealthyakidneysatoareabsorbawater.aadhaalsoatellsatheabloodavesselsatoaconstricta-Atighten.
Apicalapulsea-acorrectaanswers-theaapicalapulseaisafeltaonatheachestawallaoveratheaheart.
Apneaa-acorrectaanswers-apneaaisaaaperiodawhenabreathingastops.
Arterialapressurea-acorrectaanswers-
inahemodialysis,aarterialapressureaisameasuredainatheaextracorporealacircuitabetweenatheaar
terialaneedleaandatheadialyzer.
Pre-
pumpaarterialapressureaisameasuredafromatheapatient'saaccessatoatheabloodapump.apost-
pumpaarterialapressureaisameasuredaafteratheabloodapump,abutabeforeatheadialyzer.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Arrhythmiaa-acorrectaanswers-
anaarrhythmiaaisaanairregularaheartbeat.aitamayabeafeltaasaanaextraapulseaoraheardaoveratheah
eart.
Arterialapressureamonitora-acorrectaanswers-aapressureasensoramonitorsapre-
pumpaarterialapressureainatheaextracorporealacircuitabetweenatheapatient'saaccessaandathea
bloodapump.aaapost-
pumpaarterialapressureamonitorameasuresapressureabetenatheabloodapumpaandatheadialyze
r.
Ifatheapressureareadingaisaoutsideaofasetalimits,aanaalarmawillasoundaandatheabloodapumpawill
astop.A-acorrectaanswers-
Arterializea-acorrectaanswers-
whenaaafistualaisamade,astrongaarterialabloodaflowacausesatheaveinatoaarterializea-aitadilatesa-
Awidens,athickensaandabecomesamoreamuscular,alikeaanaartery.
Arteriovenousa-AV-fistulaa-acorrectaanswers-
inadialysis,aanaarteriovenousafistulaaisaaalinkabeteenaanaarteryaandaaaveinaunderatheaskinaofaa
naarmaoralegatoaprovideaaccessatoatheablood.atheaforceaofabloodafromatheaarteryamakesatheav
einalargeraandathicker.
Afteraaafistualamatures,aitacanabeapuncturedawithadialysisaneedlesaandawillaalloatheabloodaflo
waratesaneededaforadialysis.A-acorrectaanswers-
Arteriolea-acorrectaanswers-anaarterioleaisaaasmallaartery.
Arterya-acorrectaanswers-
aabloodavesselathatacarriesabloodaawayafromatheaheartaatahighapressure.aarteriesabringaoxyg
enatedabloodatoaeachapartaofatheabody.
Artificiala-acorrectaanswers-artificialameansaman-
made.atheadialyzeraisacalledaanaartificialakidney.aaapieceaofaartificialaveinaisausedatoacreateaaa
dialysisagraft.
, Ascitesa-acorrectaanswers-ascitesaisaaabuilda-
aupaofafluidaintheaabdomenacausedabyaliveradamage,aheartafailure,Amalnutrition,aorainfection
.aspecialaultrafiltrationaandaotheramethodsa-Ai.e.adrainageamayabeaneededatoaremoveait.
Asepsisa-acorrectaanswers-asepsisaisatheaabsenceaofapathogens.
Aseptica-acorrectaanswers-asepticameansasterileaoragerm-free.
Asepticatechniquea-acorrectaanswers-
asepticatechniqueaisaaaseriesaofastepsausedatoamaintainaaagerm-
freeaenvironment.atheastepsaincludeawashingahandsabeforeatouchingathingsainasterileapack
ages,atouchingasterileaobjectsaonlyatoaotherasterileaobjects,acleaningabloodaportsaoratheapati
ent'saskinawithadisinfectantabeforeaplacingaaaneedle,
Andathrowingaoutaanyasterileasuppliesainawe,Adamaged,aoratornapackages.aperitonealadialys
isaexchangesamustabeadoneausingaasepticatechniqueatoapreventainfection.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Associationaforatheaadvancementaofamedicalainstrumentationa-AAAMIA-acorrectaanswers-
aamiadevelopsavoluntaryastandardsaforadialysisawateratreatmentaandadialyzerareprocessing
.atheaamiaguidelinesahaveabeenaadoptedabyacms.
Auscultatea-acorrectaanswers-
auscultateameansatoalistenawithaaastethoscope.aauscultationaisausedatoadiagnoseaaccessapr
oblemsalikeastenosisaorathromboisisathatacanachangeatheanormalasoundaofatheabruit.
Backfiltrationa-acorrectaanswers-
backfiltrationaoccursawhenadialysateacrossesatheadialyzeramembraneaintoatheapatient'sablo
od.aitacanabeacausedabyaaachangeainatheapresureaoraconcentrationagradientabetweenatheadi
alysateaandablood.
Backafiltrationamayabeamorealikelyawithahigh-
fluxadialyzeramembranes,awhichahavealargerapores.abackfiltrationacanaharmapatientsabecau
seaendotoxinainatheanonsterileadialysateacanaenteratheabloodstream,acausingainfectionaanda
fever.A-acorrectaanswers-
Backwashinga-acorrectaanswers-
backwashingameansaforcingawaterabackwardsathroughaaafilter.aitacanausedatoaremoveaparti
clesafromacloggedasedimentafiltersainaaawateratreatmentasystem.
Bacteriaa-acorrectaanswers-bacteriaaareamicroscopic,Asingle-
celledaorganismsathatacanacauseadisease.abacteriaaareaclassifiedaasagram-
positiveaoragram-negativeabyatheacoloratheyaturnaonaaatestacalledagram'sastain.
Basea-acorrectaanswers-basesaareachemicalsathatacanaacceptaaahydrogenaion-
H+.aaaubstanceawithaaaphaofagreaterathana7.0aisaaabase,aoraalkaline.ainatheabody,abicarbonat
eaisaaabase.
Bicarbonatea-acorrectaanswers-
bicarbonateaisaaabuffer.aitahelpsneutralizeaacidsathataformawhenatheabodyabreaksadownaprot
einaandaotherafoods,aandaisareabsorbedabyahealthyakidneys.adialysisapatientsaoftenahavealo
walevelsaofabicarbonateabecauseatheirakidneysadoanotareabsorbaenough.
Thus,atheyacan'taneutralizeaacidsawell.abicarbonateaisausedainadialysateatoahelparestorealeve
lsainatheabody,abutaitahasatwoamainadrawbacks;aitasupportsabacterialagrowth,aandaitaneedsatw
oaconcentratesa-
aacidaandabicarbonateatoakeepascaleafromaformingaandaharmingaequipment.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Abscessa-acorrectaanswers-
anaabscessaisaanainfectionaunderatheaskin.aitalooksalikaablisteraorapimpleafilledawithafluidaorap
us.aifaneedlesaareainsertedaintoaoranearaanaabscess,ainfectionaofaaadialysisaaccessaoraotherat
issuesamayaoccur.
Accessa-acorrectaanswers-anaaccessa-vascularaaccess-
aisaaarouteaintoatheabloodstreamathataallowsaenoughabloodaflowaforahemodialysis.aforaperma
nentaaccess,aaasurgeonaconnectsaaaveinatoaanaartery.
Thisacanabeadoneadirectlya-Afistula-aorawithaaapieceaofasyntheticatubinga-
Agraft.aforashortatermaaccess,aaacatheteramayabeaplacedainaaalargeacentralavein.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Acida-acorrectaanswers-
anaacidaisasubstanceawithaaaphabelowa7.0athatacanadonateaaahydrogenaiona-
H+.ainatheahumanabody,aacidsaformawhenaproteinaandaotherafoodsaareabrokenadownabyacella
metabolism.
Acquiredaimmunodeficiencyasyndromea-AAIDSA-acorrectaanswers-
Acuteakidneyafailurea-acorrectaanswers-
acuteakidneyafailureahasaaasuddenaonset.aitaisamostaoftenacausedabyaanaillness,Ainjury,aorato
xinathatastressesatheakidneys.asomeapatientsawhoasurviveaacuteakidneyafailureacanarecovera
kidneyafunction.aothersadieaoragoaonatoadevelopachronicakidneyafailure.
Aluma-acorrectaanswers-
alumaisaanaaluminumacompound.aitaisaoftenaaddedatoacityawaterasuppliesatoaremoveasedime
ntaandamakeatheawateraclearer.
Aluminumacanabuildaupainatheabodiesaandabrainsaofadialysisapatients.aaluminumainadialysisa
wateramustabeakeptaatalowalevelsawithawateratreatment.A-acorrectaanswers-
Aluminum-relatedaboneadiseasea-AARBDA-acorrectaanswers-arbdaisacauseabyalong-
termaexposureatoaaluminum.aaluminumabuildsaupainatheatissuesaatatheapointawhereanewabon
eaformsaandabeaseenaonax-
ray.asourcesaofaaluminumaincludeadialysisawater,Amedications,aandacookware.
Phosphateabindersawithaaluminumaareaalsoaaasource,abutatheseaareararelyausedatoday.asy
mptomsaofaarbdacanaincludeadeepaboneapain,amuscleaweakness,aandafractures.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Amyloidosisa-acorrectaanswers-amyloidosisaoccursawhenaaproteingcalledabeta-2-
microglobulina-B2M-
abuildsaupainasoftatissues,Abones,aandajoints.atheadepositsacanacauseajointaandaoraboneapain.
ahigh-
fluxamembranesaandaoranoctournalahemodialysisaremoveamoreab2m,awhichamayahelpaprev
entaoratreatathisaproblem.
Anaphylaxisa-acorrectaanswers-
anaphylaxisaisaaafastasevereaimmunearesponseatoaanaallergen.ahives,Aitching,aorawheezinga
mayaoccur.aanaphylacticashockamayacauseabloodapressureadrop;achangeainaheartarhythmsa
oraarrest;aandaswellingaofathealips,Atongue,aandathroat.athisaproblemacanabeafatal.
,Anastomosisa-acorrectaanswers-
anaanastomosisaisaaasurgicalaconnectionabeteenatwoabloodavessels.adialysisaneedlesashoul
danotabeainsertedaintoatheaareaaofatheaanastomosisainaaafistualaoragraft.
Adsorba-acorrectaanswers-
adsorbameansatoaattractaandahold.atheadialyzeramembraneaadsorbsabloodaproteinsatoatheaw
allsaofatheahollowafibersaduringaaatreatment.
Thisacanamakeareusedadialyzersamoreabiocompatibleathananewaonesa-
aifableachaisanotausedatoaremoveatheaproteinacoating.A-acorrectaanswers-
Advanceadirectivesa-acorrectaanswers-
advanceadirectivesaoutlineaaapatient'sawishesaforamedicalatreatmentainacaseaheaorasheabec
omesatooaillatoamakeasuchachoices.aaalivingawillaisaoneatypeaofaadvanceadirective.
Theapatient'safamilyaandaotheramembersaofatheacareateamashouldabeatoldaofatheapatient'sawi
shesawhenaanaadvanceadirectiveaisadoneaandagivenaaacopyatoakeep.A-acorrectaanswers-
Afferenta-acorrectaanswers-meansatowardaanaorgan.
Airadetectora-acorrectaanswers-theaaira-
aorafoamadetectorachecksabloodainatheavenousalineaofatheaextracorporealacircuitaforaair.aairain
aaapatient'sabloodstreamacanastopatheabloodaflowaoraheartbeat,acausingadeath.
Ifatheadetectorafindsaair,aanaalarmawillasound,atheabloodapumpawillastop,aandatheavenousablo
odlineawillaclampatoakeepaairafromareachingatheapatient.A-acorrectaanswers-
Airaembolisma-acorrectaanswers-
anaairaembolismaoccursawhenaairabubblesaenteratheabloodstreamaandaflowaintoaaavesselasm
allaenoughatoabeablockedabyatheaair.atheaairainatheavesselaactsalikeaaaclot,ablockingatheaflowao
fablood.
Dialysisamachinesahaveaanaairadetectoraonatheavenousabloodlineatoahelpapreventathisaprobl
em,awhichacanabeafatal.A-acorrectaanswers-
Albumina-acorrectaanswers-albuminaisaaabloodaprotein.aloaserumaalbuminalevelsa-<3.5Ag/dl-
amayameanaaapatientaisaundernourished.amalnutritionaisaaacommonainadialysisapatientsaanda
raisesatheirariskaofadeath.
Anemiaa-acorrectaanswers-anemiaaisaaashortageaofaoxygen-
carryingaredabloodacells.aitacausesaseverafatigue,atroubleawithametalafocus,areducedaimmun
eafunction,aandamanyaotheraproblems.
Anemiaaisacommonainakidneyafailureadueatoalessaerythropoietin,aironadeficiency,aandalossaof
abloodathroughatestsaandadialysisaitself.A-acorrectaanswers-
Anesthetica-acorrectaanswers-
anaanestheticaisaaadrugathatanumbsatheabodyatoareduceapain.alocalaanestheticsacanabeainjec
tedaintoaaaspot,asuchaasatheaskinaaroundaaapunctureasite,abeforeaneedleaplacement.aor,agels
aoracreamsacanabeaputaonatheaskinatoapreventapainaatathatasite.
Aneurysma-acorrectaanswers-
anaaneurysmaisaaaballooningaorabulgingaofaaaweakaspotainaaabloodavessel.asevereableedinga
canaoccuraifaanaanerurysmaruptures,asoagreatacareamustabeatakenawithaaapatientawhoahasao
ne.aaneurysmsacanaoccuraifaneedlesaareaplacedatooaoftenaintoatheasmallaareaaofaaafistula.
Angioplastya-acorrectaanswers-
angioplastyaisaaaprocedureatoaopenaaanarrowedabloodavessela-
Astenosis.aitamayabeausedaforavascularaaccessarepair.aaasmallaballoonaisathreadedathroughat
heavesselaintoatheaaccessaandagentlyainflatedatoapushatheawallsaofatheavesselaopen.
Aniona-acorrectaanswers-anaanionaisaaanegatively-chargedaion.
,Antegradea-acorrectaanswers-antegradeameansaforward-
moving.ainadialysis,aitameansainatheadirectionaofabloodaflow.atheavenousaneedleashouldaalwa
ysabeaplacedaantegrade.atheaarterialaneedleaisaplacedaantegradeaoraretrograde,athoughathe
reaisasomeaevidencathataantegradeaisabetter.A.
Anticoagulanta-acorrectaanswers-anaanticoagulantaisaaablood-
thinningadrugausedatoakeepaclotsafromaforming.aanticoagulants,asuchaasaheperain,aareause
datoapreventaclottingainatheaextracorporealacircuitaduringahemodialysis.
Antidiureticahormone-AADHA-acorrectaanswers-antidiureticahormonea-aadhaoravasopressin-
aisareleasedabyatheapituitaryaglandainatheabrain.aadhahelpsapreventaexcessafluidalossabyatellin
gahealthyakidneysatoareabsorbawater.aadhaalsoatellsatheabloodavesselsatoaconstricta-Atighten.
Apicalapulsea-acorrectaanswers-theaapicalapulseaisafeltaonatheachestawallaoveratheaheart.
Apneaa-acorrectaanswers-apneaaisaaaperiodawhenabreathingastops.
Arterialapressurea-acorrectaanswers-
inahemodialysis,aarterialapressureaisameasuredainatheaextracorporealacircuitabetweenatheaar
terialaneedleaandatheadialyzer.
Pre-
pumpaarterialapressureaisameasuredafromatheapatient'saaccessatoatheabloodapump.apost-
pumpaarterialapressureaisameasuredaafteratheabloodapump,abutabeforeatheadialyzer.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Arrhythmiaa-acorrectaanswers-
anaarrhythmiaaisaanairregularaheartbeat.aitamayabeafeltaasaanaextraapulseaoraheardaoveratheah
eart.
Arterialapressureamonitora-acorrectaanswers-aapressureasensoramonitorsapre-
pumpaarterialapressureainatheaextracorporealacircuitabetweenatheapatient'saaccessaandathea
bloodapump.aaapost-
pumpaarterialapressureamonitorameasuresapressureabetenatheabloodapumpaandatheadialyze
r.
Ifatheapressureareadingaisaoutsideaofasetalimits,aanaalarmawillasoundaandatheabloodapumpawill
astop.A-acorrectaanswers-
Arterializea-acorrectaanswers-
whenaaafistualaisamade,astrongaarterialabloodaflowacausesatheaveinatoaarterializea-aitadilatesa-
Awidens,athickensaandabecomesamoreamuscular,alikeaanaartery.
Arteriovenousa-AV-fistulaa-acorrectaanswers-
inadialysis,aanaarteriovenousafistulaaisaaalinkabeteenaanaarteryaandaaaveinaunderatheaskinaofaa
naarmaoralegatoaprovideaaccessatoatheablood.atheaforceaofabloodafromatheaarteryamakesatheav
einalargeraandathicker.
Afteraaafistualamatures,aitacanabeapuncturedawithadialysisaneedlesaandawillaalloatheabloodaflo
waratesaneededaforadialysis.A-acorrectaanswers-
Arteriolea-acorrectaanswers-anaarterioleaisaaasmallaartery.
Arterya-acorrectaanswers-
aabloodavesselathatacarriesabloodaawayafromatheaheartaatahighapressure.aarteriesabringaoxyg
enatedabloodatoaeachapartaofatheabody.
Artificiala-acorrectaanswers-artificialameansaman-
made.atheadialyzeraisacalledaanaartificialakidney.aaapieceaofaartificialaveinaisausedatoacreateaaa
dialysisagraft.
, Ascitesa-acorrectaanswers-ascitesaisaaabuilda-
aupaofafluidaintheaabdomenacausedabyaliveradamage,aheartafailure,Amalnutrition,aorainfection
.aspecialaultrafiltrationaandaotheramethodsa-Ai.e.adrainageamayabeaneededatoaremoveait.
Asepsisa-acorrectaanswers-asepsisaisatheaabsenceaofapathogens.
Aseptica-acorrectaanswers-asepticameansasterileaoragerm-free.
Asepticatechniquea-acorrectaanswers-
asepticatechniqueaisaaaseriesaofastepsausedatoamaintainaaagerm-
freeaenvironment.atheastepsaincludeawashingahandsabeforeatouchingathingsainasterileapack
ages,atouchingasterileaobjectsaonlyatoaotherasterileaobjects,acleaningabloodaportsaoratheapati
ent'saskinawithadisinfectantabeforeaplacingaaaneedle,
Andathrowingaoutaanyasterileasuppliesainawe,Adamaged,aoratornapackages.aperitonealadialys
isaexchangesamustabeadoneausingaasepticatechniqueatoapreventainfection.A-
acorrectaanswers-
Associationaforatheaadvancementaofamedicalainstrumentationa-AAAMIA-acorrectaanswers-
aamiadevelopsavoluntaryastandardsaforadialysisawateratreatmentaandadialyzerareprocessing
.atheaamiaguidelinesahaveabeenaadoptedabyacms.
Auscultatea-acorrectaanswers-
auscultateameansatoalistenawithaaastethoscope.aauscultationaisausedatoadiagnoseaaccessapr
oblemsalikeastenosisaorathromboisisathatacanachangeatheanormalasoundaofatheabruit.
Backfiltrationa-acorrectaanswers-
backfiltrationaoccursawhenadialysateacrossesatheadialyzeramembraneaintoatheapatient'sablo
od.aitacanabeacausedabyaaachangeainatheapresureaoraconcentrationagradientabetweenatheadi
alysateaandablood.
Backafiltrationamayabeamorealikelyawithahigh-
fluxadialyzeramembranes,awhichahavealargerapores.abackfiltrationacanaharmapatientsabecau
seaendotoxinainatheanonsterileadialysateacanaenteratheabloodstream,acausingainfectionaanda
fever.A-acorrectaanswers-
Backwashinga-acorrectaanswers-
backwashingameansaforcingawaterabackwardsathroughaaafilter.aitacanausedatoaremoveaparti
clesafromacloggedasedimentafiltersainaaawateratreatmentasystem.
Bacteriaa-acorrectaanswers-bacteriaaareamicroscopic,Asingle-
celledaorganismsathatacanacauseadisease.abacteriaaareaclassifiedaasagram-
positiveaoragram-negativeabyatheacoloratheyaturnaonaaatestacalledagram'sastain.
Basea-acorrectaanswers-basesaareachemicalsathatacanaacceptaaahydrogenaion-
H+.aaaubstanceawithaaaphaofagreaterathana7.0aisaaabase,aoraalkaline.ainatheabody,abicarbonat
eaisaaabase.
Bicarbonatea-acorrectaanswers-
bicarbonateaisaaabuffer.aitahelpsneutralizeaacidsathataformawhenatheabodyabreaksadownaprot
einaandaotherafoods,aandaisareabsorbedabyahealthyakidneys.adialysisapatientsaoftenahavealo
walevelsaofabicarbonateabecauseatheirakidneysadoanotareabsorbaenough.
Thus,atheyacan'taneutralizeaacidsawell.abicarbonateaisausedainadialysateatoahelparestorealeve
lsainatheabody,abutaitahasatwoamainadrawbacks;aitasupportsabacterialagrowth,aandaitaneedsatw
oaconcentratesa-
aacidaandabicarbonateatoakeepascaleafromaformingaandaharmingaequipment.A-
acorrectaanswers-
