Biology 204 final wwu || with 100% Correct Answers.
Phylogeny correct answers a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of taxonomic groups. Can
be constructed using morphological, physiological, behavioral and genetic data.
Mitosis correct answers a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in the nucleus of somatic
cells are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. Followed by
cytokinesis (the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is
divided to form two daughter cells)
Homologous chromosomes correct answers a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome
that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis.
Meiosis correct answers a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome
number by half in sex cells of eukaryotic organisms.
Ploidy correct answers the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell.
Chromosome number correct answers the precise number of chromosomes per cell in a
organism.
The tree of life correct answers a set of a variety of data that depicts hypothesized relationships
between organisms and allows us to understand their evolutionary history.
Chromatid correct answers one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the
other copy by a single centromere.
Homoplasy correct answers analogous or convergent phenotypic trait not inherited from a
common ancestor.
Synapomorphy correct answers a shared trait among multiple taxa that is derived from a recent
common ancestor .
Primitive/inherited trait correct answers traits inherited from the most distant common ancestor
Derived traits correct answers traits that give rise in the most recent common ancestor through
mutation and form new evolutionary branches.
Homologous trait correct answers a similar trait between organisms inherited from a common
ancestor.
Genetic homology correct answers similarities in DNA sequencing.
Clade correct answers a group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and its lineal
descendants.
,Monophyletic taxon correct answers a group of organisms with one common ancestor (called a
clade).
Polyphyletic taxon correct answers a group of organisms with multiple lineages that is
characterized by one or more homoplasies (phenotypic similarities not inherited from a common
ancestor).
paraphyletic taxon correct answers a group of organisms with one common ancestor but not does
not include all lineal descendants.
Phylogenetic root correct answers the location of a common ancestor on a phylogenetic tree.
Kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species correct answers Taxonomic rank
Sister taxa correct answers taxon from a common ancestor.
Cladistic approach to phylogenetics correct answers focus on synapomorphies (shared derived
traits).
Parsimony correct answers the most parsimonious phylogeny has the least evolutionary changes.
Whale example:
Outgroup correct answers a species or group closely related to the ingroup, but known to be
phylogenetically separate, and used as a point of reference.
Ingroup correct answers the group of primary interest in a study
Mechanisms of speciation correct answers reduced gene flow between populations can lead to
genetic divergence and reproductive isolation.
Convergent evolution correct answers evolution that gives rise to homoplasies (similar
phenotypic traits not inherited from a common ancestor).
Co-evolution correct answers when multiple species reciprocally effect each others evolution,
either in a mutualism, parasitism/predation, or species competition.
Species correct answers can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
, Biological species concept correct answers defines a species as a group of organisms that can
interbreed and produce fertile offspring (useful for sexual species but impractical for asexual or
fossil organisms).
Morphological species concept correct answers distinguishes species by physical characteristics
(issue: how much physical difference is enough?)
Phylogenetic/lineage species concept correct answers defines species as a monophyletic group
determined by genetic data, specifically using operational taxonomic units.
Prezygotic isolating mechanism correct answers ecological isolation, behavioral isolation,
temporal isolation, mechanical isolation, and prevention of gamete fusion.
Postzygotic isolating mechanisms correct answers Gametic incompatibility, Zygotic mortality,
Hybrid inviability, Hybrid sterility, Hybrid breakdown (first generation F1 hybrids are fertile but
subsequent hybrid generations are infertile)
Temporal isolation correct answers an evolutionary mechanism that keeps individuals of
different species from interbreeding, even if they live in the same environment.
Behavioral isolation correct answers An evolutionary mechanism in which courtship and habitat
preferences
Allopatric speciation correct answers geographic separation that restricts gene flow
Sympatric speciation correct answers biological factors restrict gene flow, likely resulting from
genetic changes in a group of organisms preferences for habitat and mating.
Gene flow correct answers genetic exchange due to migration of alleles, acts to homogenize
populations (evolutionary process).
Genetic drift correct answers changes in allele frequencies due to random chance. Probability of
changes in allele frequencies is higher in smaller populations (evolutionary process). Review
paper from genetic drift lab.
Non-random mating correct answers occurs when the probability that two individuals in a
population will mate is not the same for all other possible pairs of individuals.
Gene pool correct answers the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population
Genotype correct answers an individual's collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two
alleles inherited for a particular gene
Phenotype correct answers an individual's observable traits
Inbreeding correct answers reduces heterozygosity
Phylogeny correct answers a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of taxonomic groups. Can
be constructed using morphological, physiological, behavioral and genetic data.
Mitosis correct answers a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in the nucleus of somatic
cells are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. Followed by
cytokinesis (the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is
divided to form two daughter cells)
Homologous chromosomes correct answers a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome
that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis.
Meiosis correct answers a specialized type of cell division which reduces the chromosome
number by half in sex cells of eukaryotic organisms.
Ploidy correct answers the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell.
Chromosome number correct answers the precise number of chromosomes per cell in a
organism.
The tree of life correct answers a set of a variety of data that depicts hypothesized relationships
between organisms and allows us to understand their evolutionary history.
Chromatid correct answers one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the
other copy by a single centromere.
Homoplasy correct answers analogous or convergent phenotypic trait not inherited from a
common ancestor.
Synapomorphy correct answers a shared trait among multiple taxa that is derived from a recent
common ancestor .
Primitive/inherited trait correct answers traits inherited from the most distant common ancestor
Derived traits correct answers traits that give rise in the most recent common ancestor through
mutation and form new evolutionary branches.
Homologous trait correct answers a similar trait between organisms inherited from a common
ancestor.
Genetic homology correct answers similarities in DNA sequencing.
Clade correct answers a group of organisms consisting of a common ancestor and its lineal
descendants.
,Monophyletic taxon correct answers a group of organisms with one common ancestor (called a
clade).
Polyphyletic taxon correct answers a group of organisms with multiple lineages that is
characterized by one or more homoplasies (phenotypic similarities not inherited from a common
ancestor).
paraphyletic taxon correct answers a group of organisms with one common ancestor but not does
not include all lineal descendants.
Phylogenetic root correct answers the location of a common ancestor on a phylogenetic tree.
Kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species correct answers Taxonomic rank
Sister taxa correct answers taxon from a common ancestor.
Cladistic approach to phylogenetics correct answers focus on synapomorphies (shared derived
traits).
Parsimony correct answers the most parsimonious phylogeny has the least evolutionary changes.
Whale example:
Outgroup correct answers a species or group closely related to the ingroup, but known to be
phylogenetically separate, and used as a point of reference.
Ingroup correct answers the group of primary interest in a study
Mechanisms of speciation correct answers reduced gene flow between populations can lead to
genetic divergence and reproductive isolation.
Convergent evolution correct answers evolution that gives rise to homoplasies (similar
phenotypic traits not inherited from a common ancestor).
Co-evolution correct answers when multiple species reciprocally effect each others evolution,
either in a mutualism, parasitism/predation, or species competition.
Species correct answers can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
, Biological species concept correct answers defines a species as a group of organisms that can
interbreed and produce fertile offspring (useful for sexual species but impractical for asexual or
fossil organisms).
Morphological species concept correct answers distinguishes species by physical characteristics
(issue: how much physical difference is enough?)
Phylogenetic/lineage species concept correct answers defines species as a monophyletic group
determined by genetic data, specifically using operational taxonomic units.
Prezygotic isolating mechanism correct answers ecological isolation, behavioral isolation,
temporal isolation, mechanical isolation, and prevention of gamete fusion.
Postzygotic isolating mechanisms correct answers Gametic incompatibility, Zygotic mortality,
Hybrid inviability, Hybrid sterility, Hybrid breakdown (first generation F1 hybrids are fertile but
subsequent hybrid generations are infertile)
Temporal isolation correct answers an evolutionary mechanism that keeps individuals of
different species from interbreeding, even if they live in the same environment.
Behavioral isolation correct answers An evolutionary mechanism in which courtship and habitat
preferences
Allopatric speciation correct answers geographic separation that restricts gene flow
Sympatric speciation correct answers biological factors restrict gene flow, likely resulting from
genetic changes in a group of organisms preferences for habitat and mating.
Gene flow correct answers genetic exchange due to migration of alleles, acts to homogenize
populations (evolutionary process).
Genetic drift correct answers changes in allele frequencies due to random chance. Probability of
changes in allele frequencies is higher in smaller populations (evolutionary process). Review
paper from genetic drift lab.
Non-random mating correct answers occurs when the probability that two individuals in a
population will mate is not the same for all other possible pairs of individuals.
Gene pool correct answers the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population
Genotype correct answers an individual's collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two
alleles inherited for a particular gene
Phenotype correct answers an individual's observable traits
Inbreeding correct answers reduces heterozygosity
