BBH 440 Final Exam Questions
and Answers 100% PASS
neurodegenerative diseases - CORRECT ANSWER-Disease that involves the
degeneration and death of neurons.
Disease does not have cures
Parkinson's disease Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-Tremor, bradykinesia,
rigidity, impaired posture
Parkinson's disease pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Loss of dopamine
neurons, most prominently in substantia nigra
(a) Substantia nigra- telling when to make movements.
Parkinson's disease prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER-- Variable progression, age
important factor
Parkinson's disease treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-- Levodopa
(a) Dopamine precursor
(b) Eventually loses effectiveness, can also cause movement problems
- Deep brain stimulation
o Involves implanting an electrode in the brain
,Alzheimer's disease Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Early - memory loss
(2) Later - memory loss, difficulty with communication, loss of mobility,
incontinence
(3) Advanced - complete loss of independence
Alzheimer's disease Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Loss of neurons
in brain and brainstem
(2) Association with protein misfolding and accumulation
(a) Abnormally folded bate amyloid protein accumulates in extracellular plaques.
(b) Abnormally folded tau proteins accumulate in neurofibrillary tangles within
neurons
Alzheimer's disease Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Varying immediate
causes of death
(a) Pneumonia
Alzheimer's disease treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors- plays role in memory.
(a) Reduce breakdown of neurotransmitter
(b) Raising acetylcholine level in brain
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, (c) Modest improvement in cognition
(d) Not treat disease but treat symptoms.
(2) Lecanemab
(a) Recently approved drug; controversial
(b) Antibody medication directed at amyloid.
HIV/AIDS - CORRECT ANSWER-i) SIV
- Possible origin of HIV (non-human)
ii) First recognized in early 1980s
iii) Isolated in 1984
HIV/AID Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Majority of cases occur in Sub-
Saharan Africa
HIV - CORRECT ANSWER-Retrovirus, primarily affects lymph tissues, destroys
t cells
Stages of HIV (all stages are infectious) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Stage 1 (acute
infection)
o Lasts up to 8 weeks
o Mostly controlled by immune system
o Poduces symptoms similar to other illnesses
and Answers 100% PASS
neurodegenerative diseases - CORRECT ANSWER-Disease that involves the
degeneration and death of neurons.
Disease does not have cures
Parkinson's disease Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-Tremor, bradykinesia,
rigidity, impaired posture
Parkinson's disease pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Loss of dopamine
neurons, most prominently in substantia nigra
(a) Substantia nigra- telling when to make movements.
Parkinson's disease prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER-- Variable progression, age
important factor
Parkinson's disease treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-- Levodopa
(a) Dopamine precursor
(b) Eventually loses effectiveness, can also cause movement problems
- Deep brain stimulation
o Involves implanting an electrode in the brain
,Alzheimer's disease Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Early - memory loss
(2) Later - memory loss, difficulty with communication, loss of mobility,
incontinence
(3) Advanced - complete loss of independence
Alzheimer's disease Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Loss of neurons
in brain and brainstem
(2) Association with protein misfolding and accumulation
(a) Abnormally folded bate amyloid protein accumulates in extracellular plaques.
(b) Abnormally folded tau proteins accumulate in neurofibrillary tangles within
neurons
Alzheimer's disease Prognosis - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Varying immediate
causes of death
(a) Pneumonia
Alzheimer's disease treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-(1) Acetylcholinesterase
inhibitors- plays role in memory.
(a) Reduce breakdown of neurotransmitter
(b) Raising acetylcholine level in brain
COPYRIGHT ©️ 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, (c) Modest improvement in cognition
(d) Not treat disease but treat symptoms.
(2) Lecanemab
(a) Recently approved drug; controversial
(b) Antibody medication directed at amyloid.
HIV/AIDS - CORRECT ANSWER-i) SIV
- Possible origin of HIV (non-human)
ii) First recognized in early 1980s
iii) Isolated in 1984
HIV/AID Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Majority of cases occur in Sub-
Saharan Africa
HIV - CORRECT ANSWER-Retrovirus, primarily affects lymph tissues, destroys
t cells
Stages of HIV (all stages are infectious) - CORRECT ANSWER-- Stage 1 (acute
infection)
o Lasts up to 8 weeks
o Mostly controlled by immune system
o Poduces symptoms similar to other illnesses
