Rasmussen: mental health exam 2 study guide questions with 100% correct
answers | verified | updated 2024
- ans
Agoraphobia - ansAn intense, excessive anxiety about or fear of being in places where
they feel vulnerable or unsafe. The feared places or situations are avoided by the
individual in an effort to control anxiety.
Examples:
-Being alone outside the home
-Using public transportation (traveling in a car, bus, or airplane)
-Being in open spaces (bridges, marketplaces, or parking lots)
-Being in an enclosed place (elevators, churches, or theaters)
-Being in a crowd
ANXIETY
Four Cardinal Symptoms of PTSD - ansIntrusive reexperiencing of the initial trauma
(flashbacks, nightmares, unwanted distressing memories of the event, feelings of
unreality)
• Avoidance (avoid all memories and feelings as well as people or places that might
recall the event)
• Persistent negative alterations in cognitions and mood (distorted cognitions about
themselves and others [fear, guilt] and feelings of detachment)
• Alteration and arousal and activity (irritability, angry outbursts, self -destructive
behavior, exaggerated startle response, hypervigilance, sleep difficulties)
ANXIETY
Generalized Anxiety Disorder - ansANXIETY
Basically, GAD is characterized by excessive, persistent, and uncontrollable anxiety,
and by excessive and constant worrying. It is sometimes referred to as the "worry
disease."
Symptoms lasted for six months
ANXIETY
Medications - ans**Buspirone (BuSpar) reduces rumination and worry, NOT
ADDICTIVE
• SSRI [escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine
(Prozac), citalopram (Celexa), fluvoxamine (Luvox)]
• TCA 's [clomipramine (Anafranil), amytriptyline (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil)]
,• Investigational drugs include pregabalin and other anticonvulsants
ANXIETY
Nursing Diagnoses - ansAnxiety (moderate, severe, panic)
Fear
Ineffective coping
Social isolation
Self-care deficit
Ineffective role performance
Risk for injury
Disturbed thought process
ANXIETY
Nursing Diagnoses for PTSD - ansDisturbed thought process
Sleep deprivation r/t nightmares associated with traumatic event
Post-trauma syndrome r/t exposure to traumatic event
***Prioritize nursing diagnoses for PTSD related to safety/violence and self -harm
ANXIETY
Obsessive Compulsion Disorder - ansUsually begins the late teems or early twenties
and ranges from mild to severe.
Occurs more often in patients with neurological disorder.
ANXIETY
Panic Attack - ansSudden onset of extreme apprehension or fear, usually associated
with feelings of impending doom: "I am going to die." Typically, panic attacks occur
suddenly, are extremely intense, and can last for 15 to 30 minutes bef ore they subside.
The feelings of terror present during a panic attack are so severe that normal function is
suspended, the perceptual field is severely limited, and misinterpretation of reality may
occur. Severe personality disorganization is evident.
ANXIETY
Patient Outcomes for GAD - ansPatients will:
• Demonstrate techniques that can distract and distance self from thoughts that are
anxiety producing (by date).
• Decrease time spent in ritualistic behaviors.
• Demonstrate increased amount of time spent with family and friends and on
pleasurable activities.
,• State they have more control over intrusive thoughts and rituals (by date).
ANXIETY
Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Definition - ansPeople who experience/witness any
traumatic event. Will feel extraordinary helplessness or powerlessness in the face of
stressors; lack of energy; sad with blunted affect; poor grooming/lack of hygiene; slow
speech, decreased verbalization, delayed responses.
ANXIETY
Repression
Sublimation
Regression
Displacement
Projection
Compensation
Reaction Formation
Denial
Conversion
Undoing
Identification
Introjection
Suppression - ansSee Table 11-4
ANXIETY - ansANXIETY
BIPOLAR
Anticonvulsants - ansDivalproex (Depakote)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
BIPOLAR
Different types of Mania - ansHypomania: Talks and jokes incessantly. (life of the party).
Talk is often sexual.
Acute Mania: May change suddenly from anger or depression.
Extreme Delirious Mania: Totally out of touch with reality. Most likely has clang
associations (string words together).
BIPOLAR
Interventions for acute mania
-Communication
-Safety and Physical needs. - ans1. Communication
Use firm and calm approach.
Use short and concise explanations or statements.
Remain Neutral
, 2. Safety and Physical Needs
Low level of stimuli.
Structured solitary activities
Redirect violent behavior
BIPOLAR
Lithium - ansMood Stabilizer
Can take up to three weeks to take effect.
Very narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.5 mEq/L)
Serum levels need to be checked every 12 hours.
> 2 mEq/L- can cause severe toxicity.
Side effects:
nausea
weight gain
general discomfort
Lithium Toxicity
Diaphoresis
Nausea
Vomiting
Mental confusion
EEG changes
There is no antidote
Hemodialysis might be necessary if extremely severe.
BIPOLAR
Nursing Diagnoses - ansRisk for injury
Impaired mood regulation
Labile emotional control
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements
Deficient fluid volume
Disturbed thought processes
Interrupted family processes
Caregiver role strain
Disturbed sleep pattern
answers | verified | updated 2024
- ans
Agoraphobia - ansAn intense, excessive anxiety about or fear of being in places where
they feel vulnerable or unsafe. The feared places or situations are avoided by the
individual in an effort to control anxiety.
Examples:
-Being alone outside the home
-Using public transportation (traveling in a car, bus, or airplane)
-Being in open spaces (bridges, marketplaces, or parking lots)
-Being in an enclosed place (elevators, churches, or theaters)
-Being in a crowd
ANXIETY
Four Cardinal Symptoms of PTSD - ansIntrusive reexperiencing of the initial trauma
(flashbacks, nightmares, unwanted distressing memories of the event, feelings of
unreality)
• Avoidance (avoid all memories and feelings as well as people or places that might
recall the event)
• Persistent negative alterations in cognitions and mood (distorted cognitions about
themselves and others [fear, guilt] and feelings of detachment)
• Alteration and arousal and activity (irritability, angry outbursts, self -destructive
behavior, exaggerated startle response, hypervigilance, sleep difficulties)
ANXIETY
Generalized Anxiety Disorder - ansANXIETY
Basically, GAD is characterized by excessive, persistent, and uncontrollable anxiety,
and by excessive and constant worrying. It is sometimes referred to as the "worry
disease."
Symptoms lasted for six months
ANXIETY
Medications - ans**Buspirone (BuSpar) reduces rumination and worry, NOT
ADDICTIVE
• SSRI [escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine
(Prozac), citalopram (Celexa), fluvoxamine (Luvox)]
• TCA 's [clomipramine (Anafranil), amytriptyline (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil)]
,• Investigational drugs include pregabalin and other anticonvulsants
ANXIETY
Nursing Diagnoses - ansAnxiety (moderate, severe, panic)
Fear
Ineffective coping
Social isolation
Self-care deficit
Ineffective role performance
Risk for injury
Disturbed thought process
ANXIETY
Nursing Diagnoses for PTSD - ansDisturbed thought process
Sleep deprivation r/t nightmares associated with traumatic event
Post-trauma syndrome r/t exposure to traumatic event
***Prioritize nursing diagnoses for PTSD related to safety/violence and self -harm
ANXIETY
Obsessive Compulsion Disorder - ansUsually begins the late teems or early twenties
and ranges from mild to severe.
Occurs more often in patients with neurological disorder.
ANXIETY
Panic Attack - ansSudden onset of extreme apprehension or fear, usually associated
with feelings of impending doom: "I am going to die." Typically, panic attacks occur
suddenly, are extremely intense, and can last for 15 to 30 minutes bef ore they subside.
The feelings of terror present during a panic attack are so severe that normal function is
suspended, the perceptual field is severely limited, and misinterpretation of reality may
occur. Severe personality disorganization is evident.
ANXIETY
Patient Outcomes for GAD - ansPatients will:
• Demonstrate techniques that can distract and distance self from thoughts that are
anxiety producing (by date).
• Decrease time spent in ritualistic behaviors.
• Demonstrate increased amount of time spent with family and friends and on
pleasurable activities.
,• State they have more control over intrusive thoughts and rituals (by date).
ANXIETY
Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Definition - ansPeople who experience/witness any
traumatic event. Will feel extraordinary helplessness or powerlessness in the face of
stressors; lack of energy; sad with blunted affect; poor grooming/lack of hygiene; slow
speech, decreased verbalization, delayed responses.
ANXIETY
Repression
Sublimation
Regression
Displacement
Projection
Compensation
Reaction Formation
Denial
Conversion
Undoing
Identification
Introjection
Suppression - ansSee Table 11-4
ANXIETY - ansANXIETY
BIPOLAR
Anticonvulsants - ansDivalproex (Depakote)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
BIPOLAR
Different types of Mania - ansHypomania: Talks and jokes incessantly. (life of the party).
Talk is often sexual.
Acute Mania: May change suddenly from anger or depression.
Extreme Delirious Mania: Totally out of touch with reality. Most likely has clang
associations (string words together).
BIPOLAR
Interventions for acute mania
-Communication
-Safety and Physical needs. - ans1. Communication
Use firm and calm approach.
Use short and concise explanations or statements.
Remain Neutral
, 2. Safety and Physical Needs
Low level of stimuli.
Structured solitary activities
Redirect violent behavior
BIPOLAR
Lithium - ansMood Stabilizer
Can take up to three weeks to take effect.
Very narrow therapeutic window (0.5-1.5 mEq/L)
Serum levels need to be checked every 12 hours.
> 2 mEq/L- can cause severe toxicity.
Side effects:
nausea
weight gain
general discomfort
Lithium Toxicity
Diaphoresis
Nausea
Vomiting
Mental confusion
EEG changes
There is no antidote
Hemodialysis might be necessary if extremely severe.
BIPOLAR
Nursing Diagnoses - ansRisk for injury
Impaired mood regulation
Labile emotional control
Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements
Deficient fluid volume
Disturbed thought processes
Interrupted family processes
Caregiver role strain
Disturbed sleep pattern
