and CORRECT Answers
The United States Supreme Court has imposed an "_____ ______" standard to determine the
propriety of an officers use of force, which takes into consideration all surrounding
circumstances - CORRECT ANSWER - Objective reasonableness
The Supreme Court in the Graham case reiterated that the standard for analyzing excessive force
claims is objective reasonableness under the _____ Amendment. The court started that..... -
CORRECT ANSWER - (4th)
(1) Reasonableness must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene,
coping with a tense, fast evolving situation
(2) Decisions must be based on the totality of the circumstances and how they are evolving at the
time of incident and
(3) Determining the amount of force required to control a subject requires sound decision making
by the officer. Crucial to this ability is the officers understanding of the force options, and the
reasonableness of the force options used
In selecting force options, an officers perception of what is taking place is critical. Officers must
look at each situation or the totality of the circumstances and continually_____, _____, ____. -
CORRECT ANSWER - (1) Access
(2) Plan
(3) Act
What is Ability/Capability? - CORRECT ANSWER - Address the ability/ capability of a
subject to carry out the action or threat. This must be a logical preception
What is Opportunity? - CORRECT ANSWER - This indicates that the action or threat
perceived by the officers is imminent. The subject matter must be in a position in which they can
use their Ability/capability to carry out the act or threat
, What is Intent? - CORRECT ANSWER - Indicates the mental state of intending to take an
action that poses a risk of harm to the officers or others. A persons intent must usually be inferred
from their words and/or actions
A Law Enforcement officer may be justified in using deadly force physical force upon another
person: - CORRECT ANSWER - (1) To defend himself/herself or a third person from what
he/she reasonably believes to be the use or imminent use of deadly physical force;
(2) To effect an arrest or to prevent escape from custody of a person who he/she reasonably
believes is attempting to escape using deadly weapon, or who by his/her conduct or any other
means indicates that he/she presents an imminent threat of death or serious physical injury to
others unless apprehended without delay
(3) To prevent the escape of a person from custody imposed upon him/her as a result of a
conviction for a felony
The duty to intervene - CORRECT ANSWER - Bystander liability
An officer may be held liable by a court under 42 U.S.C 1983, on the theory of bystander
liability if, - CORRECT ANSWER - (A) The officer knows that a fellow officer is
violating an individuals constitutional right
(B) The officers has a reasonable opportunity to prevent the harm and
(C) The officer chooses not to ask
True or False? A force option model should be used as a guide for officers in their use of force
decisions. It is visual depiction of available options to the officer. - CORRECT
ANSWER - True
The decision to use force is not a specific path for officers to follow in every________ -
CORRECT ANSWER - Situation
Officers do not have to exhaust other lower levels of force options before... - CORRECT
ANSWER - Moving to another, so long as their choice of force is justified