Baptist Health RN Freshman Pharmacology Exam 1 Prep Questions And Correct Answers With Detailed Rationales.

FDA ensures a drug is... - 1) is effective 2) has accurate labeling 3) is tested for harmful effects Drug-induced photosensitivity... - interaction of drug with sunlight (UV) OTC Drugs-S.A.F.E.R. acronym - Speak Up, Ask Questions, Find the Facts, Evaluate your choices, Read the Label The majority of ingredients for nasal congestion are sympathominetic- - they stimulate parasympathetic nervous system Nurse Practice Acts (3) - 1) Laws that govern nurses drug admin 2) State each have their own 3) Admin drugs without order can result in license revokation 2003: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - Acts regarding patient privacy, etc. 2010: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Enacted 2014-1) Quality, affordable, for all Americans 2) increase in quality and efficiency 3) prevent chronic disease and increase public health 4) increase access to medical therapies 5) Community support Misfeasance - wrong drug administered Nonfeasance - no drug administered Malfeasance - correct drug administered but by the wrong route Chemical Name - Name of drug by chemical structure Generic Name - (Drugs should be ordered by generic name) official, non-proprietary name (Ex. acetaminophen) Brand/Trade Name - Proprietary name, chosen by the drug company, trademark (Ex. Tylenol) American Hospital Formulary Service Drug Information - Published by the American Society of Health System Pharmacists-Accurate and complete info on all drugs chemistry, stability, toxicity and preparation United State Pharmacopedia-Drug Information - 3 Volume set available in hospitals and pharmacies with monthly supplements(includes side effects, dosage, forms, etc.) 10 Rights of Medicine Administration - -Patient(2 forms) -Medicine(check 3x-at drawer before removing, with MAR, at bedside) -Dose(read label) -Route(per order-stay ad bedside until taken) -Time(military time, dosing schedule) -Assessment(per drug, apical pulse, BS, BP, pain rating) -Documentation(after med admin) -Evaluation(Did it do what it was supposed to do?) -Education(Patient-purpose, result, dose, side effect, diet restrictions) -Refuse(Patient has right to refuse-document why) Nurses 6 Rights of Medicine Administration - 1) Right to a clear and concise order 2) Right to have correct drug, route and dose 3) Right to have access to information 4) Right to policies to guide medicine administration 5) Right to administer safely and identify problems 6) Right to stop, think and be vigilent with administration of medication Examples of "Do Not Crush" Medication - ER, SR, XR, SA, CR, MR, XL Medication Reconciliation (5 Steps) - Conducted at every transition of care-to avoid mistakes, omissions, double doses and interaction 1) Review list of current meds 2) Develop list to be prescribed 3) Compare the 2 lists 4) Make clinical decisions based on comparison 5) Communication of new list given to caregivers and patient 1970: Controlled Substances Act-5 Schedules - I) Heroin, LSD...No accepted medical-High Potential II) Morphine, Oxy-Contin...Accepted Med-High Potential III) Codeine preparations, non-narcotic...Accepted med-Potential is less for abuse IV) Benzo...Ativan...Accepted Med-May cause dependence V) Cough-syrup codeine...Accepted Med-Limited potential for abuse Disposal of drugs... - Do not flush unless indicated -combine in sealed bag with coffee grinds or cat litter -"drug take back" programs Sharps Safety - OSHA -Sharps Injury Log -Disposal Procedures -Training -Safer Medical Devices Drug Categories Dangerous to Pregnancy - Drug Categories of A, B, C, D, X ---C, D and X are proven to be a risk to fetus Teratogenic drugs have what potential? - To cause developmental defects in embryo or fetus What steps are taken in case of a medication error? - 1) Check patient condition immediately observe for adverse effects 2) Notify nurse manager and physician 3) Write description of error and remedial steps taken on medical record 4) Complete special form for reporting errors Pharmaceutic Phase - 1st phase-drugs need to be in solution to be absorbed Pharmacokenetics - Process of drug movement to achieve drug action (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) Pharmacodynamics - The study of how drugs affect the body Disentegration - Breakdown of tablet into smaller particles Dissolution - Dissolving of smaller particles in GI fluid Enteric Coated - -Resist disintegration in gastric acid -Disintegration occurs in alkaline environment of the small intestine -Effects may be delayed Pharmacokenetics (4 Phases) - 1) Absorption-Movement of particles from GI tract to body fluids 2) Distribution-Process drug becomes available to body fluids and tissues 3) Metabolism-Process body inactivates or bio transfers drugs 4) Excretion-Main route of drug elimination is through the kidneys (urine)