NUR 631 2025 EXAM 2 MUST PASS!! GRADED A+
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Cancer is associated with? - Altered expression of cellular genes that are responsible for proliferation
and differentiation
What characteristics of benign tumors can make them potentially lethal? - 1. Proximity to critical
structures (obstructing airway, growth in brain creating increased intracranial pressure)
2. Some benign cells have shown potential to become malignant
Describe the common characteristics of benign tumors - 1. Do not invade adjacent tissue
2. typically encapsulated
3. Resemble their tissue of origin (liver, skin)
_____ is a lack of differentiated features in malignant cells.
What is this correlated with? - Anaplasia
More aggressive tumors
What characteristic determines the diagnosis of malignancy? - Invasion of local tissue or metastasis
to distant sites
The growth rate of _____ tumors is typically slow whereas the growth rate of ____tumors is rapid -
Benign
Malignant
____tumors rarely have areas of necrosis and tend to maintain structure similar to their cells of
origin.
______ tumors often have areas of necrosis and have abnormal shape and size - Benign
Malignant
, The great majority of human cancers (90%) are carcinomas from malignant transformation of? -
Epithelial cells
List some abnormal behaviors of cancer cells that allow them to proliferate? - 1. Cancer cells
proliferate despite lack of growth-initiating signals from the environment
2. Cancer cells escape apoptotic signals
3. Cancer cells are genetically unstable and evolve by accumulating new mutations at a much faster
rate than normal cells
4. Cancer cells develop proangiogenic signaling abilities allowing them to create their own vascular
supply
5. Cancer cells develop the ability to evade immune surveillance and destruction
Americans have an almost ______ lifetime risk of developing cancer - One in Three
What are some modifiable risk factors that can influence cancer risk? - Tobacco and Alcohol use,
obesity, Nutrition, Sun exposure
What exposure increases the risk of cancers in the anogenital, head and neck, and liver? - Certain
viruses increase the risk of cancer in these areas
What form of cancer accounts for the highest estimated deaths in both males and females? - Lung &
Bronchus
What form of cancer has the highest number of new cases in men? - Prostate (20%)
What form of cancer has the highest number of new cases in women? - Breast (30%)
What is the largest preventable cause of cancer? Causing nearly 30% of all cancer related deaths? -
Tobacco use
Other than lung cancer, what other types of cancer are linked to tobacco use? - Pancreas, bladder,
kidney, mouth, esophagus, cervix, and blood/bone marrow
What are the two major groups of carcinogens? - 1. Initiators- those that cause genetic damage
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
Cancer is associated with? - Altered expression of cellular genes that are responsible for proliferation
and differentiation
What characteristics of benign tumors can make them potentially lethal? - 1. Proximity to critical
structures (obstructing airway, growth in brain creating increased intracranial pressure)
2. Some benign cells have shown potential to become malignant
Describe the common characteristics of benign tumors - 1. Do not invade adjacent tissue
2. typically encapsulated
3. Resemble their tissue of origin (liver, skin)
_____ is a lack of differentiated features in malignant cells.
What is this correlated with? - Anaplasia
More aggressive tumors
What characteristic determines the diagnosis of malignancy? - Invasion of local tissue or metastasis
to distant sites
The growth rate of _____ tumors is typically slow whereas the growth rate of ____tumors is rapid -
Benign
Malignant
____tumors rarely have areas of necrosis and tend to maintain structure similar to their cells of
origin.
______ tumors often have areas of necrosis and have abnormal shape and size - Benign
Malignant
, The great majority of human cancers (90%) are carcinomas from malignant transformation of? -
Epithelial cells
List some abnormal behaviors of cancer cells that allow them to proliferate? - 1. Cancer cells
proliferate despite lack of growth-initiating signals from the environment
2. Cancer cells escape apoptotic signals
3. Cancer cells are genetically unstable and evolve by accumulating new mutations at a much faster
rate than normal cells
4. Cancer cells develop proangiogenic signaling abilities allowing them to create their own vascular
supply
5. Cancer cells develop the ability to evade immune surveillance and destruction
Americans have an almost ______ lifetime risk of developing cancer - One in Three
What are some modifiable risk factors that can influence cancer risk? - Tobacco and Alcohol use,
obesity, Nutrition, Sun exposure
What exposure increases the risk of cancers in the anogenital, head and neck, and liver? - Certain
viruses increase the risk of cancer in these areas
What form of cancer accounts for the highest estimated deaths in both males and females? - Lung &
Bronchus
What form of cancer has the highest number of new cases in men? - Prostate (20%)
What form of cancer has the highest number of new cases in women? - Breast (30%)
What is the largest preventable cause of cancer? Causing nearly 30% of all cancer related deaths? -
Tobacco use
Other than lung cancer, what other types of cancer are linked to tobacco use? - Pancreas, bladder,
kidney, mouth, esophagus, cervix, and blood/bone marrow
What are the two major groups of carcinogens? - 1. Initiators- those that cause genetic damage
