Endocrine System and Hormones Overview With Complete Solutions!!

Endocrine System and Hormones Overview With
Complete Solutions!!


Endocrine system - ANSWER>>Glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones.



Endocrinology - ANSWER>>The study of the endocrine system and the diagnosis and
treatment of its disorders.



Endocrine glands - ANSWER>>Organs that are sources of hormones.



Exocrine glands - ANSWER>>Glands that have ducts; carry secretion to an epithelial
surface or the mucosa of the digestive tract.



Internal secretions - ANSWER>>Hormones secreted by endocrine glands that have
intracellular effects.



External secretions - ANSWER>>Secretions from exocrine glands having extracellular
effects, e.g., digestion of food.



Nervous system - ANSWER>>System that responds rapidly (milliseconds timescale)
and stops rapidly.

Rate of endocrine system response - ANSWER>>Responds slowly, seconds or days,
but may persist for days or more

Stimulus adaptation, Nervous - ANSWER>>Response diminishes and adapts rapidly.

Stimulus adaptation, Endocrine - ANSWER>>Response sustains and adapts slowly.



Area of effect (Nervous) - ANSWER>>Local and specific, affecting one organ.

,Area of effect (Endocrine) - ANSWER>>Systemic, diffuse effects, affecting many
organs.



Target organs or target cells - ANSWER>>Organs or cells which have receptors for a
hormone and can respond to it.



Neuroendocrine cells - ANSWER>>Neuron-like cells that release oxytocin into blood.



Hormones - ANSWER>>Chemical messengers that circulate in the blood to elicit
physiological responses from other tissues and organs.



Norepinephrine - ANSWER>>A chemical acting as a hormone and neurotransmitter.



Dopamine - ANSWER>>A chemical acting as a hormone and neurotransmitter.



Antidiuretic hormone - ANSWER>>A chemical acting as a hormone and
neurotransmitter.



Glycogen hydrolysis - ANSWER>> The process caused by both norepinephrine and
glucagon in the liver.



Hypothalamus - ANSWER>> The brain region that controls the pituitary gland.



Pituitary gland - ANSWER>> Gland that has anterior and posterior lobes, producing
various hormones.



Growth hormone - ANSWER>> A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that affects
growth and metabolism.



Hypothalamus - ANSWER>> Shaped like a flattened funnel, forms floor and walls of

, third ventricle of brain.



Pituitary gland (hypophysis) - ANSWER>>Hanging from hypothalamus by a stalk
(infundibulum); kidney bean size and shape; situated within sella turcica of sphenoid
bone.



Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) - ANSWER>>Makes up anterior three-quarters of
pituitary; connected to hypothalamus by blood vessels of the hypophyseal portal
system.



Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) - ANSWER>>Makes up posterior one-quarter of
the pituitary; nervous tissue, not a true gland.



Hypophyseal portal system - ANSWER>>Primary capillaries in hypothalamus linked to
secondary capillaries in anterior pituitary by portal venules.



Hypothalamic hormones - ANSWER>>Control anterior pituitary cells.



Oxytocin (OT) - ANSWER>>Stimulates labor contractions (uterus) and milk release
(mammary glands); produced by paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus.



Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER>>Stimulates water retention by the kidneys;
produced by supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus.



Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - ANSWER>> Stimulates release of
gonadotropins, FSH and LH, from anterior pituitary.



Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - ANSWER>> Stimulates release of
thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH, (thyrotropin) from anterior pituitary.



Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - ANSWER>> Stimulates release of