Healthcare Policy- Exam Solution Manual Latest Update 2025 (Graded A+)

Healthcare Policy- Exam Solution Manual Latest Update 2025 (Graded A+) An implemented law or amendment can affect one or more determinants of health by - Answers • changing the physical or social environment in which people live and work; • affecting their behavior and even their biology; • influencing the availability and accessibility of health services. Implementation is carried out through an interrelated set of activities: - Answers 1. designing 2. rulemaking 3. operating 4. evaluating The implementation phase of public policymaking involves managing - Answers human, financial, and other resources in ways that facilitate the achievement of the goals and objectives of an enacted legislation. Most of the responsibility for implementing a policy falls on the - Answers executive branch the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and is intended to: - Answers • Ensure that implementing organizations adhere to congressional intent • Improve the efficiency, effectiveness and economy of government operations • Assess the ability of implementing organizations and individuals to manage and accomplish implementation, and investigate alleged poor management, waste, fraud, dishonesty, etc. • Ensure that implementation of policies mirrors the public interest. Appropriations committees in the House and Senate - Answers review the performance of organizations involved in the implementation of policies Each standing committee of the House and Senate - Answers has certain oversight responsibilities, and are required to develop oversight plans at the beginning of each Congress . These committees monitor the application, administration, and effectiveness of laws on a continuous basis to determine if the laws are being carried out as intended by congress. The committees must also decide if the law should be continued, modified, or eliminated. Implementing public policy is primarily a - Answers management task policy implementation includes the use of - Answers human and physical resources along with technology to specify and pursue the objectives of the policy The implementation phase of public policymaking involves - Answers managing human, financial, and other resources in such ways that the objectives and goals of the policy can be achieved. This activity involves efforts to establish the agenda of an implementing organization, plan how to address the agenda, and organize to carry out the plans - Answers Designing Designing involves: - Answers • establishment of the working agenda of an implementing organization • developing plans for how the work will be accomplished • organizing the agency to perform the work • directing the staff of the agency in doing the work • controlling results The rules and regulations are published in the - Answers Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) The organization responsible for implementing a law must publish an - Answers Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) in the Federal Register is a daily publication of Presidential and federal agency documents, and includes five major sections - Answers . The Federal Register . The Federal Register includes: - Answers • Presidential Documents • Rules and regulations • Proposed Rules • Notices • Sunshine Act Meetings An ANPR is a - Answers draft of a rule or set of rules that will be used to guide the implementation of a law while the final rules are still being developed. Interest groups often seek to influence rule making because - Answers the members of various interest groups are often the targets of rules established to implement health related policies. a task force and/or advisory commission may be created to - Answers help develop the proposed rules for implementing the law Task forces and advisory commissions are more likely to be utilized under certain conditions: - Answers • The development of rules and regulations is anticipated to be difficult. • The development process will produce severe disagreement and conflict. • The rules and regulations are expected to be subject to continuous revision. Well-written laws include clearly articulated - Answers objectives Every policy is based on a theory, or - Answers hypothesis a policy's underlying hypothesis will affect its - Answers implementation Another aspect of policy construction that can significantly affect implementation is the nature and extent of any - Answers decisions left to the implementing organizations Most of the implementation responsibilities are given to organizations within the - Answers executive branch of government Three characteristics of the implementing organization are especially important: - Answers • The fit between the capabilities of the implementing organization and the goals and objectives of the policies it must implement. • The skills and capabilities of the organization's management. • The ability to work well with other organizations involved in the implementation of a given policy. two key factors related to the fit between the capabilities of the implementing organization and the goals and objectives of the policies it must implement - Answers 1. Whether or not the organization is sympathetic to the goals of the policy. 2. Whether or not the organization has the necessary resources the necessary resources are - Answers • Authority • Money • Personnel • Status • Information and expertise • Technology • Physical facilities and equipment Many government agencies suffer from - Answers low public esteem Regulatory policies require - Answers technologies to prescribe and control the behaviors of whoever is being regulated. This includes the creation of rules, investigation capabilities, and the ability to impose sanctions Allocative policies require - Answers technologies to deliver income, goods, or services. three interrelated roles the managers must play - Answers The designer role. The strategist role The leader role The manager must - Answers • Determine which issues in the external environment could affect the organization • Monitor the strategic issues identified • Forecast the direction of the strategic issue • Assess the implications of the strategic issues for the organization. . Leadership responsibilities for the manager include: - Answers • Forming internal and external agreements on how to implement the organization's purposes and on its priorities. • Building support for the organization both internally and externally. Especially important is support from executive branch superiors, legislators with oversight responsibility, and relevant interest groups. • Creating an acceptable balance among the economic and professional interests of the organization's members, the demands and preferences of external stakeholders, and the public interest. • Creating and maintaining effective relationships with people and organizations that are regulated or affected by the implementing organization, and with other organizations that must be worked closely with in implementing the policy. transformational leadership - Answers they transform or revitalize the organization through decisions about mission and structure, resources, priorities, quality, and the acquisition of new technology. Organizational leadership is facilitated when the organization has a positive history, including: - Answers • Shared-values, accepted principles, accepted practices for resolving conflicts. • A history of success in implementing policies • A history of effective relationships with overseers and interest groups, which along with adequate financial resources provide a sense of pride, self-determination, and autonomy. management competencies can be classified as - Answers conceptual, technical, and