Architectural ISMs || with 100% Error-free Solutions.
ECLECTICISM correct answers It is usually applied to any building that incorporates a mixture
of the historical styles.
STRUCTURALISM correct answers Iron construction that was initiated by Joseph Paxton's
Crystal Palace that brought about a trend in architecture. Numerous exhibition halls, locomotive
sheds & other large-scale "engineering" types of structure followed.
MONUMENTALISM correct answers This was based on a general notion that (from Adolf
Loos) "the form of an object should last" & that implicitly there are some forms which have
eternal validity.
MANNERISM correct answers Refers to the manipulation of styles or forms achieved by the
learned juxtaposition of elements for the exclusive aim of achieving originality or effect.
• Karl Friedrich Schinkel
• Peter Behrens (Turbine Shop, AEG
Factory, Berlin)
• Mies van der Rohe
• Le Corbusier
• Tony Garnier
• Auguste Perret correct answers Enumerate some of the Notable German pioneers of modern
architecture:
• Glasgow: Charles Rennie Mackintosh
• Finland :Eliel Saarinen, Lara Sonck,
Gallen-Kallela
• Britain: Richard Norman Shaw, Charles
Voysey
• Spain: Antoni Gaudi
• Germany: Paul Bonatz, Albert Speer correct answers Pioneers of Modern Architecture in other
European countries:
RADICALISM correct answers Marked a radical shift in emphasis from the buildings of the past
to the design of those which met the demands of modern life like those of Henry van de Velde
and Walter Gropius.
CONSTRUCTIVISM correct answers - It was a passionate pleading for ideas on form & space
in architecture as well as in the other arts;
- a movement that was active from 1915 to the 1940's. It was a movement created by the Russian
avant-garde, but quickly spread to the rest of the continent. Constructivist art is committed to
complete abstraction with a devotion to modernity, where themes are often geometric,
experimental and rarely emotional. Objective forms carrying universal meaning were far more
suitable to the movement than subjective or individualistic forms
, • Vladimir Tatlin
• Kasimir Malevitch
• Mart Stam
• Naum Gabo
• El Lissitzky
• James Stirling
• Antoine Pevsner
• Marcel Breuer correct answers Pioneers of Constructivism:
EXPRESSIONISM correct answers This term is used to describe the work of those architects
who prefigured the International & Functionalist Period of the Modern Movement.
FUTURISM correct answers This Architecture Manifesto proclaimed that it "is the architecture
of calculation, of audacity & simplicity; the architecture of reinforced concrete, of iron, of
glass........& all those substitutes for wood, stone & brick which make possible maximum
elasticity & lightness."
NEOPLASTICISM correct answers This term relates to the theory of pure plastic art which had
a pronounced influence on Dutch architects. It consisted in the exclusive use of the right angle in
a horizontal position, & the use of the 3 primary colors contrasted with or incorporating in
various canvasses the 3 non- colors: white, black & gray.
L'Ecole de Beaux Arts (Paris) correct answers The style turned to Gothic revival due to its
brevity, idealism, heroism, and picturesque ness. Verticality was the trend. Example: Eiffel
Tower
DE STIJL (The Style) correct answers Founded by Van Doesburg, a painter. Jacobus J. P. Oud,
one of the principal aims of the movement is to "construct without any illusion, without any
decoration". It broke away from naturalism and historicism and by appealing to abstraction as the
means of expressing a universal synthesis of modern times. Compared to Gropius, Doesburg was
a radicalist.
Rietveld-Schröderhuis (outside Utrecht) correct answers the only house in the world that
conforms in all aspects of its construction to the 1920s artistic movement known as De Stijl (The
Style), even to the finest detail. Built by Gerrit Rietveld, it has been named a UNESCO World
Heritage site for the embodiment of one of the most influential architectural movements of the
twentieth century, and one of the Netherlands most lasting contributions to world culture.
BAUHAUS correct answers This is a school of art & design founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius.
Its second head was Hannes Meyer (1927) followed later by Mies van der Rohe.
CIAM & INTERNATIONAL MODERNISM
(Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) correct answers This organization was set up
by Le Corbusier & Siegfried Giedion.
ECLECTICISM correct answers It is usually applied to any building that incorporates a mixture
of the historical styles.
STRUCTURALISM correct answers Iron construction that was initiated by Joseph Paxton's
Crystal Palace that brought about a trend in architecture. Numerous exhibition halls, locomotive
sheds & other large-scale "engineering" types of structure followed.
MONUMENTALISM correct answers This was based on a general notion that (from Adolf
Loos) "the form of an object should last" & that implicitly there are some forms which have
eternal validity.
MANNERISM correct answers Refers to the manipulation of styles or forms achieved by the
learned juxtaposition of elements for the exclusive aim of achieving originality or effect.
• Karl Friedrich Schinkel
• Peter Behrens (Turbine Shop, AEG
Factory, Berlin)
• Mies van der Rohe
• Le Corbusier
• Tony Garnier
• Auguste Perret correct answers Enumerate some of the Notable German pioneers of modern
architecture:
• Glasgow: Charles Rennie Mackintosh
• Finland :Eliel Saarinen, Lara Sonck,
Gallen-Kallela
• Britain: Richard Norman Shaw, Charles
Voysey
• Spain: Antoni Gaudi
• Germany: Paul Bonatz, Albert Speer correct answers Pioneers of Modern Architecture in other
European countries:
RADICALISM correct answers Marked a radical shift in emphasis from the buildings of the past
to the design of those which met the demands of modern life like those of Henry van de Velde
and Walter Gropius.
CONSTRUCTIVISM correct answers - It was a passionate pleading for ideas on form & space
in architecture as well as in the other arts;
- a movement that was active from 1915 to the 1940's. It was a movement created by the Russian
avant-garde, but quickly spread to the rest of the continent. Constructivist art is committed to
complete abstraction with a devotion to modernity, where themes are often geometric,
experimental and rarely emotional. Objective forms carrying universal meaning were far more
suitable to the movement than subjective or individualistic forms
, • Vladimir Tatlin
• Kasimir Malevitch
• Mart Stam
• Naum Gabo
• El Lissitzky
• James Stirling
• Antoine Pevsner
• Marcel Breuer correct answers Pioneers of Constructivism:
EXPRESSIONISM correct answers This term is used to describe the work of those architects
who prefigured the International & Functionalist Period of the Modern Movement.
FUTURISM correct answers This Architecture Manifesto proclaimed that it "is the architecture
of calculation, of audacity & simplicity; the architecture of reinforced concrete, of iron, of
glass........& all those substitutes for wood, stone & brick which make possible maximum
elasticity & lightness."
NEOPLASTICISM correct answers This term relates to the theory of pure plastic art which had
a pronounced influence on Dutch architects. It consisted in the exclusive use of the right angle in
a horizontal position, & the use of the 3 primary colors contrasted with or incorporating in
various canvasses the 3 non- colors: white, black & gray.
L'Ecole de Beaux Arts (Paris) correct answers The style turned to Gothic revival due to its
brevity, idealism, heroism, and picturesque ness. Verticality was the trend. Example: Eiffel
Tower
DE STIJL (The Style) correct answers Founded by Van Doesburg, a painter. Jacobus J. P. Oud,
one of the principal aims of the movement is to "construct without any illusion, without any
decoration". It broke away from naturalism and historicism and by appealing to abstraction as the
means of expressing a universal synthesis of modern times. Compared to Gropius, Doesburg was
a radicalist.
Rietveld-Schröderhuis (outside Utrecht) correct answers the only house in the world that
conforms in all aspects of its construction to the 1920s artistic movement known as De Stijl (The
Style), even to the finest detail. Built by Gerrit Rietveld, it has been named a UNESCO World
Heritage site for the embodiment of one of the most influential architectural movements of the
twentieth century, and one of the Netherlands most lasting contributions to world culture.
BAUHAUS correct answers This is a school of art & design founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius.
Its second head was Hannes Meyer (1927) followed later by Mies van der Rohe.
CIAM & INTERNATIONAL MODERNISM
(Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) correct answers This organization was set up
by Le Corbusier & Siegfried Giedion.
