Concepts of Genetics, 7e (Klug/Cummings/Spencer/Palladino)
X. X. X. X.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Genetics
X. X. X. X.
1) What is the name of the company or institution that has access to the health, genealogical, and
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genetic information of approximately 270,000 residents of Iceland?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
A) National Institutes of Health X. X. X.
B) deCODE
C) Gattaca
D) Biogen
E) American Cancer Society X. X.
Answer: B
X.
Section: Introduction
2) A biotechnology company, deCODE, is in the process of creating a database that contains
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
.
A) the gene sequences of all newborns in the United States beginning in 2006
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
B) a compilation of all the known genes in humans throughout the free world
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
C) health, genealogical, and genetic information of approximately 270,000 residents of Iceland
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
D) a complete sequence of the human genome
X. X. X. X. X. X.
E) all the information available on the human genome project
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: C
X.
Section: Introduction
3) Why did deCODE select Iceland for its ambitious research project?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
A) a relatively low degree of genetic diversity
X. X. X. X. X. X.
B) frequent and extensive mutational bursts X. X. X. X.
C) high genetic diversity
X. X.
D) lack of genealogical information
X. X. X.
E) virtual absence of mutation X. X. X.
Answer: A
X.
Section: Introduction
4) The genetic material DNA consists of basic subunits called
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. .
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) centrioles
D) nucleotides
E) None of the answers listed is correct.
X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: D
X.
Section: 1.3
1
,5) The immediate product of transcription is
X. X. X. X. X. X. .
A) a phospholipid
X.
B) an amino acid X. X.
C) a protein
X.
D) a carbohydrate
X.
E) RNA
Answer: E X
.
Section: 1.3
X.
6) In many species, there are two representatives of each chromosome. In such species, the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
characteristic number of chromosomes is called the
X. number. It is usually symbolized
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
as
X. X. .
A) haploid; n X.
B) haploid; 2n X.
C) diploid; 2n X.
D) diploid; n X.
E) None of the answers listed is correct.
X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: C
X.
Section: 1.2
7) Genetics is the study of X. X. X. X. X. .
A) heredity and variation X. X.
B) mutation and recession X. X.
C) transcription and translation X. X.
D) diploid and haploid X. X.
E) replication and recombination X. X.
Answer: A
X.
Section: 1.2
8) Early in the twentieth century, Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behavior of
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation. They
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes, which led to the basis of the
X. X. X. . X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
9) What is a mutation? X. X. X.
Answer: A mutation is an inherited change in a gene.
X
. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
10) What is a simple definition of an allele?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: An allele is a variant form of a gene.
X. X
. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
2
,11) Until the mid-1940s, many scientists considered proteins to be the likely candidates for the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genetic material. Why?
X. X. X.
Answer: Proteins are the most abundant, universally distributed components in cells. Because X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
of their great structural and functional diversity, they were considered likely candidates.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
12) Name the individual who, while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s,
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior of
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
hereditary factors.
X. X.
Answer: Gregor Mendel X
. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
13) What does the term genetics mean?
X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Genetics is a subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
variation at the molecular, cellular, developmental, organismal, and populational levels.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
14) Name the substance that serves as the hereditary material in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
15) Name two individuals who provided the conceptual basis for our present understanding that
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genes are on chromosomes.
X. X. X. X.
Answer: Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri
X
. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
16) What term is used to describe the fact that different genes in an organism often provide
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
differences in observable features?
X. X. X. X.
Answer: phenotype X
.
Section: 1.2
X.
17) A fundamental property of DNA's nitrogenous bases that is necessary for the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
double-stranded nature of its structure is
X. . X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: complementarity X
.
Section: 1.3
X.
18) Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
, that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: restriction enzymes
X. X.
Section: 1.4
19) Name the botanist who, in 1900, rediscovered the work of Gregor Mendel.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Carl Correns
X. X.
Section: 1.2
3
, 20) Genetics is commonly seen as being grouped into several general areas: transmission,
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
molecular, and population/evolution. Which biological processes are studied in transmission
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genetics?
X.
Answer: Mendelian inheritance (segregation and independent assortment), modification of X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Mendelian patterns, and pedigree analysis
X. X. X. X. X.
Section: Introduction and Summary Points X. X. X.
21) Who owns transgenic organisms?
X. X. X.
Answer: Once produced, a patent can be obtained on a living organism, thereby offering
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
exclusive use of the transgenic organism to the patent holder.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.5
22) In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
traditional method of cloning by embryo splitting, Dolly was produced by which procedure?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: nuclear transfer
X. X.
Section: 1.4
23) What term is applied to a variety of projects whereby genome sequences are deposited in
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
databases for research purposes?
X. X. X. X.
Answer: genomics X
.
Section: 1.6
X.
24) The first draft of the human genome sequence was reported in 2001 by two groups, the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
publicly funded
X. X. and the private company . X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Human Genome Project; Celera Corporation
X
. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.6
X.
25) A number of genomes have been sequenced in recent years: Escherichia coli,
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
musculus. What are the common names for these organisms?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: bacterium, yeast, roundworm, fruit fly, mouse
X
. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.6, 1.7
X. X.
26) What is meant by the term genome?
X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: The genome is all the DNA carried in an organism.
X
. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.4
X.
27) In nonviral systems, what is the nature of the hereditary substance?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded polymer organized as a double
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
helix.
X.
Section: 1.3
28) What characterizes the content and function of a DNA microarray?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: A DNA microarray can carry thousands of genes that can be used to test for gene
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
expression.
X.
Section: 1.5
4
X. X. X. X.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Genetics
X. X. X. X.
1) What is the name of the company or institution that has access to the health, genealogical, and
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genetic information of approximately 270,000 residents of Iceland?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
A) National Institutes of Health X. X. X.
B) deCODE
C) Gattaca
D) Biogen
E) American Cancer Society X. X.
Answer: B
X.
Section: Introduction
2) A biotechnology company, deCODE, is in the process of creating a database that contains
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
.
A) the gene sequences of all newborns in the United States beginning in 2006
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
B) a compilation of all the known genes in humans throughout the free world
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
C) health, genealogical, and genetic information of approximately 270,000 residents of Iceland
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
D) a complete sequence of the human genome
X. X. X. X. X. X.
E) all the information available on the human genome project
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: C
X.
Section: Introduction
3) Why did deCODE select Iceland for its ambitious research project?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
A) a relatively low degree of genetic diversity
X. X. X. X. X. X.
B) frequent and extensive mutational bursts X. X. X. X.
C) high genetic diversity
X. X.
D) lack of genealogical information
X. X. X.
E) virtual absence of mutation X. X. X.
Answer: A
X.
Section: Introduction
4) The genetic material DNA consists of basic subunits called
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. .
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) centrioles
D) nucleotides
E) None of the answers listed is correct.
X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: D
X.
Section: 1.3
1
,5) The immediate product of transcription is
X. X. X. X. X. X. .
A) a phospholipid
X.
B) an amino acid X. X.
C) a protein
X.
D) a carbohydrate
X.
E) RNA
Answer: E X
.
Section: 1.3
X.
6) In many species, there are two representatives of each chromosome. In such species, the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
characteristic number of chromosomes is called the
X. number. It is usually symbolized
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
as
X. X. .
A) haploid; n X.
B) haploid; 2n X.
C) diploid; 2n X.
D) diploid; n X.
E) None of the answers listed is correct.
X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: C
X.
Section: 1.2
7) Genetics is the study of X. X. X. X. X. .
A) heredity and variation X. X.
B) mutation and recession X. X.
C) transcription and translation X. X.
D) diploid and haploid X. X.
E) replication and recombination X. X.
Answer: A
X.
Section: 1.2
8) Early in the twentieth century, Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behavior of
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation. They
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes, which led to the basis of the
X. X. X. . X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
9) What is a mutation? X. X. X.
Answer: A mutation is an inherited change in a gene.
X
. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
10) What is a simple definition of an allele?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: An allele is a variant form of a gene.
X. X
. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
2
,11) Until the mid-1940s, many scientists considered proteins to be the likely candidates for the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genetic material. Why?
X. X. X.
Answer: Proteins are the most abundant, universally distributed components in cells. Because X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
of their great structural and functional diversity, they were considered likely candidates.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
12) Name the individual who, while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s,
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior of
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
hereditary factors.
X. X.
Answer: Gregor Mendel X
. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
13) What does the term genetics mean?
X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Genetics is a subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
variation at the molecular, cellular, developmental, organismal, and populational levels.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
14) Name the substance that serves as the hereditary material in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
15) Name two individuals who provided the conceptual basis for our present understanding that
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genes are on chromosomes.
X. X. X. X.
Answer: Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri
X
. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.2
X.
16) What term is used to describe the fact that different genes in an organism often provide
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
differences in observable features?
X. X. X. X.
Answer: phenotype X
.
Section: 1.2
X.
17) A fundamental property of DNA's nitrogenous bases that is necessary for the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
double-stranded nature of its structure is
X. . X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: complementarity X
.
Section: 1.3
X.
18) Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
, that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: restriction enzymes
X. X.
Section: 1.4
19) Name the botanist who, in 1900, rediscovered the work of Gregor Mendel.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Carl Correns
X. X.
Section: 1.2
3
, 20) Genetics is commonly seen as being grouped into several general areas: transmission,
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
molecular, and population/evolution. Which biological processes are studied in transmission
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
genetics?
X.
Answer: Mendelian inheritance (segregation and independent assortment), modification of X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Mendelian patterns, and pedigree analysis
X. X. X. X. X.
Section: Introduction and Summary Points X. X. X.
21) Who owns transgenic organisms?
X. X. X.
Answer: Once produced, a patent can be obtained on a living organism, thereby offering
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
exclusive use of the transgenic organism to the patent holder.
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.5
22) In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
traditional method of cloning by embryo splitting, Dolly was produced by which procedure?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: nuclear transfer
X. X.
Section: 1.4
23) What term is applied to a variety of projects whereby genome sequences are deposited in
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
databases for research purposes?
X. X. X. X.
Answer: genomics X
.
Section: 1.6
X.
24) The first draft of the human genome sequence was reported in 2001 by two groups, the
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
publicly funded
X. X. and the private company . X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: Human Genome Project; Celera Corporation
X
. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.6
X.
25) A number of genomes have been sequenced in recent years: Escherichia coli,
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
musculus. What are the common names for these organisms?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: bacterium, yeast, roundworm, fruit fly, mouse
X
. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.6, 1.7
X. X.
26) What is meant by the term genome?
X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: The genome is all the DNA carried in an organism.
X
. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Section: 1.4
X.
27) In nonviral systems, what is the nature of the hereditary substance?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded polymer organized as a double
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
helix.
X.
Section: 1.3
28) What characterizes the content and function of a DNA microarray?
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
Answer: A DNA microarray can carry thousands of genes that can be used to test for gene
X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X.
expression.
X.
Section: 1.5
4
