AP Euro: Renaissance

The medici - answer-powerful family in florence-Lorenzo and Cosemo-pope Castiglione, book of courtier - answer-influenced social mores for elite groups and taught women how to act proper Isabelle d'este - answer-duchess of mantua- patron of arts and leader in fashion- searched for black girl for entertainment as a sign of wealth-spoke her mind-powerful The peace of lodi - answer-treaty between venice and milan- it marked a 40 year period of peace during which power was balanced between the five states of the italian peninsula-maintain status quo Machiavelli, the prince - answer-first modern guide to politics- debated to paint rulers in a cynical way- governments should be measured by standards of safety and order and order to populace Virtù - answer-the quality of being able to shape the world according to ones own view- powerful acting individuals Christian humanism - answer-northern humanists who interpreted italian ideas about and attitudes toward classical antiquity and humanism in terms of their own religious traditions- piety Patronage - answer-financial support of writers and artists by cities groups and individuals often to produce specific works and styles Johannes Gutenberg - answer-metal smith- printing press- expansion of fast spread of political and social debates Brunelleschi - answer-built dome (santa maria del fiore)- famous architect Leonardo Da Vinci - answer-hired by Cesar Borgia to be military engineer- genius- mona lisa- "renaissance man" Raphael - answer-Italian painter of the renaissance who is highly regarded for his work in the vatican- known for work in embodying the classic take of the human body- school of athens Michelangelo - answer-hired by pope julius the second to paint sistine chapel Petrarch - answer-inspired by pagan- scholar that noticed change and believed that the recovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age- humanism Mirandola - answer-brilliant student- famous philosopher- defended 900 thesis's on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy and magic from which he wrote oration on dignity of man Pope leo x - answer-commissioned renaissance artists for the reconstruction of st. Peters basilica Popolo - answer-disenfranchised common people in italian cities who represented the exclusion from power Communes - answer-sworn associations of free men in Italian cities led by merchants guilds that sought political an economic independency from nobles Oligarchy - answer-a small group that ruled the city and surrounding countryside Condottieri - answer-military leaders who had their own mercenary armies and in many cities took over political power once they had supplanted the existent government Signori - answer-government by one man rule in italian cities Northern renaissance - answer-influenced german, french, english, and polish renaissance- late 15th century Jan van eyck - answer-first to use oil based paintings () Albrecht durer - answer-from germany studied with artists in italy to create woodcuts, engravings etc that rendered human in amazing detail "new monarchies" - answer-the states in the north try to unify under central rule expand and become powerful- don't need to know Pragmatic sanction of bourges - answer-decree issued by king charles the seventh of france which asserted the supremacy of a council over the pope- pope agrees king can appoint catholic church- lai and vestige- money Henry the seventh - answer-english ruler- successful- civil war within england over contended control of crown War of roses - answer-between ducal houses of york and lancaster contending for the crown in a civil war- authority of monarchy sank lower- english Court of the star chamber - answer-where council dealt with potential aristocratic threats- stars painted on ceiling- torture- english council Ferdinand and isabella - answer-united two royal houses in spain- curbed aristocratic power excluding high nobles from royal council- victorious entry of granada Spanish inquisition and the index - answer-established by ferdinand and isabella- intended to maintain catholic orthodoxy and replace medieval inquisition- use church to unify spain Hermandades - answer-"holy brotherhood"- peace keeping association of armed individuals- character of medieval spain New christians - answer-a ter for jews and muslims in iberian peninsula who accepted christianity- in many cases they included christians whose families had converted centuries earlier Hasburgs - answer-most important royal houses of europe- the throne of the holy roman empire was occupied by them between 1438 and 1740 Renaissance - answer-revival of culture, education, economic wealth, political positions, and social hierarchies- roughly 14th to 17th century Humanism - answer-the beliefs in human nature -self-freedom -free-will -opportunity 1. Black death 2. 100 year war 3. End of crusades - answer-what encouraged emergence of italian renaissance "the oration on the dignity of man" by mirandola - answer-humans were intended to exercise their intellectual capacities and make themselves into the person they desired- break social barriers and systems of medieval times Money- social hierarchy - answer-how did art reflect new values of renaissance Different classes then medieval feudalism- based on wealth not on birth - answer-how did renaissance affect social hierarchies 1. Northern- eastern europe 2. Northern-more pious and simple 3. Italian- italy 4. Italian- aristocracy 5. Italian was before norther - answer-difference between italian and northern renaissance