ASLP , Aoyama, Exam 1 terms
the major branches of phonetics - correct answer ✔experimental,
articulatory, acoustic, perceptual, normative, clinical, and linguistic.
phone - correct answer ✔any sound produces by the vocal tract
phoneme - correct answer ✔sound makes a difference in meaning. ex. big
vs. pig units of sound have no meaning by themselves
allophone - correct answer ✔a variant form of a phoneme; a member of a
group of sounds that together form a single phoneme: cotton vs. kitten
graph - correct answer ✔a letter (any letter)
grapheme - correct answer ✔a graph used in the alphabet of a particular
language ex. ñ to Spanish
allograph - correct answer ✔a variant of a morpheme
morpheme - correct answer ✔smallest unit with meaning
allomorph - correct answer ✔variation of a morpheme ex. a vs. an
assimilation - correct answer ✔the influence of speech sounds on other
speech sounds in which one or more features change to become more like
another sound ex. tongue twisters
, complementary distribution - correct answer ✔allophone production that is
tied to a particular phonetic environment. when two (or more) phonetically
similar sounds never occur in the exact same environment, they complement
each other; occur in mutually-exclusive environments ('speak' vs. 'peak');
sounds are allophones of a single phoneme, do not occur in minimal pairs, are
noncontrastive, are predictable
free variation - correct answer ✔term used to refer to two sounds that occur
in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their
respective words
dialects - correct answer ✔a variation of language that may result from
isolation of one form to another
registers - correct answer ✔styles of speech adjusted to the perceived needs
of the listener ex. used vs. tu, job interview vs. bff
foreign accent/linguistic transfer - correct answer ✔the influence that one's
native language has on the way we speak his/her second language.
differences in pronunciation only
the major dialects of American English - correct answer ✔general American,
eastern American (NY, NE), and Southern American (reduction of the
diphthongs).
the vocal tract (nasal cavity, alveolar ridge, vocal cords (folds), velum (soft
palate), hard palate, glottis etc.) - correct answer ✔
voiced sounds - correct answer ✔produced with vibrations of the vocal folds)
the major branches of phonetics - correct answer ✔experimental,
articulatory, acoustic, perceptual, normative, clinical, and linguistic.
phone - correct answer ✔any sound produces by the vocal tract
phoneme - correct answer ✔sound makes a difference in meaning. ex. big
vs. pig units of sound have no meaning by themselves
allophone - correct answer ✔a variant form of a phoneme; a member of a
group of sounds that together form a single phoneme: cotton vs. kitten
graph - correct answer ✔a letter (any letter)
grapheme - correct answer ✔a graph used in the alphabet of a particular
language ex. ñ to Spanish
allograph - correct answer ✔a variant of a morpheme
morpheme - correct answer ✔smallest unit with meaning
allomorph - correct answer ✔variation of a morpheme ex. a vs. an
assimilation - correct answer ✔the influence of speech sounds on other
speech sounds in which one or more features change to become more like
another sound ex. tongue twisters
, complementary distribution - correct answer ✔allophone production that is
tied to a particular phonetic environment. when two (or more) phonetically
similar sounds never occur in the exact same environment, they complement
each other; occur in mutually-exclusive environments ('speak' vs. 'peak');
sounds are allophones of a single phoneme, do not occur in minimal pairs, are
noncontrastive, are predictable
free variation - correct answer ✔term used to refer to two sounds that occur
in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their
respective words
dialects - correct answer ✔a variation of language that may result from
isolation of one form to another
registers - correct answer ✔styles of speech adjusted to the perceived needs
of the listener ex. used vs. tu, job interview vs. bff
foreign accent/linguistic transfer - correct answer ✔the influence that one's
native language has on the way we speak his/her second language.
differences in pronunciation only
the major dialects of American English - correct answer ✔general American,
eastern American (NY, NE), and Southern American (reduction of the
diphthongs).
the vocal tract (nasal cavity, alveolar ridge, vocal cords (folds), velum (soft
palate), hard palate, glottis etc.) - correct answer ✔
voiced sounds - correct answer ✔produced with vibrations of the vocal folds)
