,Porth’s Pathophysiolog11Th Edition Norris Test Bank
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1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused o
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
n the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments ma
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
de by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good re
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
presentation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book re 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
views and word games during social time 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care fa 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
cilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabete 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
s mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis se 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ssions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children A 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ns: A, B, C, E 8 8 8 8
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and soci
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
al well-8
being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in book reviews faci
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
litates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of disease and spread of germs.
8 8 8 8 8
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large varie
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ty of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
vices as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which would be cons
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
idered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American desc
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hyperchol
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
esterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many he
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
alth care facilities. 8 8
Ans: B 8
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alternativ
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
e therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which i
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ncludes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client's noncompli
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence of a family hist
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ory of CV disease does not meet the ―attaining lives free of preventable disease and premat
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ure death‖ determinant.
8 8
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, universi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ty hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseas
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
es that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the foll
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
owing patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause diseas
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
e?
A) A 31-year- 8
old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red bl
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ood cells 8
B) A 91-year- 8
old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial hyp
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year- 8
old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
chest physiotherapy 8
D) A 30-year- 8
old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ve.
Ans: D 8
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cel
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
l anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of abnormal molecules.
8 8
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a num
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ber of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of clients' situations bN
8 esUt R
chSaI
8 raN
ctGerTizBe.
s pCaOt hMo g e n e s i s rather than etiology?
8 8 8 8 8 8
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
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B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident A
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ns: B 8
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the incre
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
asing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuri
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
es are examples of etiologic factors.
8 8 8 8 8
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pathoge
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifies to the
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease?
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heartattacks.‖
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like Fr
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ench fries every day.‖ 8 8 8
C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it ea 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
sy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins causi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ng a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.‖
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Ans: C 8
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the patho
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
genesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a fatty st
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
reak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk factors
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
6. A 77-year-
8
old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmo
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first ti
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
me. WhichNU ofRthSeIfN
8olG
loTwBin.gCaO
spMects of the patient's current state of health would be best ch 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
aracterized as a symptom rather than a sign? 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields bi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
laterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Ans: B 8
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem, s
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
uch as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds, an
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
d respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8 8 8 8 8
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions focused o
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
n the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following comments ma
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
de by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good re
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
presentation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as book re 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
views and word games during social time 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled care fa 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
cilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with diabete 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
s mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking classes
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis se 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ssions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young children A 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ns: A, B, C, E 8 8 8 8
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as ―a state of complete physical, mental, and soci
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
al well-8
being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.‖ Engaging in book reviews faci
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
litates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate physical well-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating physical well-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is vital in the prevention
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of disease and spread of germs.
8 8 8 8 8
2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large varie
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ty of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is referring
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
vices as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed, which would be cons
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
idered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this report?
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American desc
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to hyperchol
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
esterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment regime. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to many he
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
alth care facilities. 8 8
Ans: B 8
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using alternativ
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
e therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and promoting health for
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8all (which includes having good health care benefits); and promoting good health (which i
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ncludes living in a clean community with good access to health care). A client's noncompli
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels within the presence of a family hist
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ory of CV disease does not meet the ―attaining lives free of preventable disease and premat
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ure death‖ determinant.
8 8
,3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large, universi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ty hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseas
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
es that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause disease. Which of the foll
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
owing patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause diseas
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
e?
A) A 31-year- 8
old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of packed red bl
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ood cells 8
B) A 91-year- 8
old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting from familial hyp
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year- 8
old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen therapy and
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
chest physiotherapy 8
D) A 30-year- 8
old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ve.
Ans: D 8
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease. Sickle cel
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
l anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of the effects
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of abnormal molecules.
8 8
4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a num
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ber of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following aspects
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of clients' situations bN
8 esUt R
chSaI
8 raN
ctGerTizBe.
s pCaOt hMo g e n e s i s rather than etiology?
8 8 8 8 8 8
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident A
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ns: B 8
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the incre
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
asing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumatic injuri
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
es are examples of etiologic factors.
8 8 8 8 8
, 5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has arrived
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of the pathoge
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the patient verifies to the
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about coronary artery disease?
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) ―All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heartattacks.‖
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) ―My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like Fr
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ench fries every day.‖ 8 8 8
C) ―Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made it ea 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
sy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.‖
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
D) ―If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins causi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ng a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart attack.‖
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Ans: C 8
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the patho
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
genesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process from a fatty st
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
reak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery disease. Risk factors
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
8for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and lack of exercise.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
6. A 77-year-
8
old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmo
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first ti
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
me. WhichNU ofRthSeIfN
8olG
loTwBin.gCaO
spMects of the patient's current state of health would be best ch 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
aracterized as a symptom rather than a sign? 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
A) The patient's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oxymetry.8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
B) The patient notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
C) The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the patient's lower lung fields bi
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
laterally.
D) The patient's respiratory rate is 31 breaths/minute. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Ans: B 8
Feedback:
Symptoms are subjective complaints by the person experiencing the health problem, s
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
uch as complaints of breathing difficulty. Oxygen levels, listening to breath sounds, an
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
d respiratory rate are all objective, observable signs of disease.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
