Irene Gold BOARDS PART 1 PATHOLOGY
Exam Questions with 100% Scores
What type of degeneration is this?
→calcium infiltration into normal tissue
→hypervitaminosis D - -calcification, metastatic
-What type of degeneration is this?
→calcium infiltration into abnormal/damage tissues
→ atherosclerosis or atheroma
→damage to tunica intima - -calcification, dystrophic
-What type of degeneration is this?
→TB - -caseous
-What type of degeneration is this?
→albuminous
→membrane injured which affects ionic transfer - -cloudy swelling
-What type of degeneration is this?
→infarction (MI) heart to blood vessels; thickening/stasis - -coagulation
-What type of degeneration is this?
→pancreas - -enzymatic
-What type of degeneration is this?
→in liver aka nutmeg liver
→in heart aka tabby cat heart
STEPS:
fatty dot→fatty streak→atheroma (fatty plague)→fibroatheroma (fibrous
tissue, calcium) - -fatty
-What type of degeneration is this?
,→ calcification
→ raised lesions - -plague
-What type of degeneration is this?
→ CNS
ex brain melts, tertiary syphilis, leprosy
→ SKIN if from infection) - -liquefaction
-What type of degeneration is this?
→peripheral nerves
→ degenerates to the next Node of Ranvier - -Wallerian
-What type of degeneration is this?
→hyaline
→ most common in skeletal muscle
→muscle replaced with hyaline - -Zenker's (waxy)
-What type of degeneration is this?
→shrink
→nuclear condensation of the chromatin
→followed by karyorrhexis - -pyknosis
-What type of degeneration is this?
→destructive fragmentation of the nucleus - -karyorrhexis
-What type of degeneration is this?
→nuclear rupture
→complete dissolution of the chromatin due to the degradation by
endonucleases - -karyolysis
-What type of degeneration is this?
→destruction of cell bodies - -chromatolysis
-oma= - -tumor
-plasma= - -formation, growth
,-What disturbance of growth is this?
→decrease in size- most common cause is disuse atrophy
→seen commonly in muscle - -atrophy
-What disturbance of growth is this?
hypertrophy - -increase in size
ex. muscle exercise
-What disturbance of growth is this?
hyperplasia - -increase in number of cells
ex. pregnancy uterus,
ex. goiter
-What disturbance of growth is this?
→changes from one cell to another
→ex. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium changing into stratified
squamous in lungs of smokers
→occurs most frequently with Gerd - -metaplasia
-What disturbance of growth is this?
→change in size, shape, or function
→precancerous but last stage that can reverse to normal - -dysplasia
-What disturbance of growth is this?
smokers:
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (metaplasia) → stratified
squamous →dysplasia →change in size, shape, function →anaplasia → cancer
(Squamous cell carcinoma) - -anaplasia
-What growth disturbance is this?
plaguing
"useless brain" - -cellular atrophy
-Example question:
, Perikaryon of a neuron whose axon has been severed undergoes...
A. fatty degeneration
B. Central chromatolysis
C. liquid necrosis
D. reactive proflieraion - -B.
-Name this development change:
→failure of an organ to develop due to absence of the primordial tissue
→ex. renal and testicular organs- usually paired organs - -agenesis
-Name this development change:
→defective development of the organ
ex. posterior arch of atlas - -aplasia
-Name this development change:
→underdevelopment or incomplete development of an organ
→ex. organ smaller than normal
→it's there but it's not functioning - -hypoplasia
-What are the most common collagens? - -Type 1 and 2
-Name this collagen:
→bone, muscle, tendons and ligaments, fascia - -Type 1 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→disc (specially nucleus pulposus) IVD - -Type 2 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→ "reticular collagen" - -Type 3 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→ found in spleen and lymph nodes - -Type 3 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→seen in early wound healing and speeds repair
Exam Questions with 100% Scores
What type of degeneration is this?
→calcium infiltration into normal tissue
→hypervitaminosis D - -calcification, metastatic
-What type of degeneration is this?
→calcium infiltration into abnormal/damage tissues
→ atherosclerosis or atheroma
→damage to tunica intima - -calcification, dystrophic
-What type of degeneration is this?
→TB - -caseous
-What type of degeneration is this?
→albuminous
→membrane injured which affects ionic transfer - -cloudy swelling
-What type of degeneration is this?
→infarction (MI) heart to blood vessels; thickening/stasis - -coagulation
-What type of degeneration is this?
→pancreas - -enzymatic
-What type of degeneration is this?
→in liver aka nutmeg liver
→in heart aka tabby cat heart
STEPS:
fatty dot→fatty streak→atheroma (fatty plague)→fibroatheroma (fibrous
tissue, calcium) - -fatty
-What type of degeneration is this?
,→ calcification
→ raised lesions - -plague
-What type of degeneration is this?
→ CNS
ex brain melts, tertiary syphilis, leprosy
→ SKIN if from infection) - -liquefaction
-What type of degeneration is this?
→peripheral nerves
→ degenerates to the next Node of Ranvier - -Wallerian
-What type of degeneration is this?
→hyaline
→ most common in skeletal muscle
→muscle replaced with hyaline - -Zenker's (waxy)
-What type of degeneration is this?
→shrink
→nuclear condensation of the chromatin
→followed by karyorrhexis - -pyknosis
-What type of degeneration is this?
→destructive fragmentation of the nucleus - -karyorrhexis
-What type of degeneration is this?
→nuclear rupture
→complete dissolution of the chromatin due to the degradation by
endonucleases - -karyolysis
-What type of degeneration is this?
→destruction of cell bodies - -chromatolysis
-oma= - -tumor
-plasma= - -formation, growth
,-What disturbance of growth is this?
→decrease in size- most common cause is disuse atrophy
→seen commonly in muscle - -atrophy
-What disturbance of growth is this?
hypertrophy - -increase in size
ex. muscle exercise
-What disturbance of growth is this?
hyperplasia - -increase in number of cells
ex. pregnancy uterus,
ex. goiter
-What disturbance of growth is this?
→changes from one cell to another
→ex. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium changing into stratified
squamous in lungs of smokers
→occurs most frequently with Gerd - -metaplasia
-What disturbance of growth is this?
→change in size, shape, or function
→precancerous but last stage that can reverse to normal - -dysplasia
-What disturbance of growth is this?
smokers:
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (metaplasia) → stratified
squamous →dysplasia →change in size, shape, function →anaplasia → cancer
(Squamous cell carcinoma) - -anaplasia
-What growth disturbance is this?
plaguing
"useless brain" - -cellular atrophy
-Example question:
, Perikaryon of a neuron whose axon has been severed undergoes...
A. fatty degeneration
B. Central chromatolysis
C. liquid necrosis
D. reactive proflieraion - -B.
-Name this development change:
→failure of an organ to develop due to absence of the primordial tissue
→ex. renal and testicular organs- usually paired organs - -agenesis
-Name this development change:
→defective development of the organ
ex. posterior arch of atlas - -aplasia
-Name this development change:
→underdevelopment or incomplete development of an organ
→ex. organ smaller than normal
→it's there but it's not functioning - -hypoplasia
-What are the most common collagens? - -Type 1 and 2
-Name this collagen:
→bone, muscle, tendons and ligaments, fascia - -Type 1 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→disc (specially nucleus pulposus) IVD - -Type 2 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→ "reticular collagen" - -Type 3 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→ found in spleen and lymph nodes - -Type 3 collagen
-Name this collagen:
→seen in early wound healing and speeds repair
