TNCC Written Exam With complete solution Latest 2024/25 RATED A+

TNCC Written Exam With complete
solution Latest 2024/25 RATED A+
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the
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outcome of resuscitation? - Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
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II Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral
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II vasculature? - Vasoconstriction II II II II




II What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - Metabolic acidosis
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II What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - Neurogenic shock
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Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? -
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Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
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Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? -
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Compartment Syndrome
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II What is a high risk of frostbite? - Thrombus formation
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What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury
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along with rewarming? - Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory
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medication (NSAIDS)
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II An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - Peripheral resistance
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What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? -
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Reverse Trendelenburg
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Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments
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causing lacerations or penetrating injuries? - Secondary Phase
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What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including
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hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - Quaternary Phase
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II What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting
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II walls, ground, or any hard object? - Tertiary Phase
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What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with
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body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal
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hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - Primary Phase
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, II Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general
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II weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - Rhabdomyolosis
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Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis,
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cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein
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distention, or hypotension? - Pulmonary Embolus
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Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes,
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altered level of consciousness? - Increased intracranial pressure
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Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse
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pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? -
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Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
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What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - Subdural
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and Epidural Hematoma
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Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness
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and nausea. - Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. -
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Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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II Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - MAP - ICP
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II What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - 35-45
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Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? - Dilation
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and increase in ICP due to high CO2
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II Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - Constriction d/t low CO2 II II II II II II II II II II II




II Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - Fixed and dilated
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II Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - small; large
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II Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - large
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II Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - Increasing ICP
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Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - Mild = 13-15
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Moderate = 9-12 II II



Severe = 3-8 II II




II Goal value for ICP - <15
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