NURS 316 FINAL PART 1 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer,
most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by: ✅Bound and
transmembrane proteins
Which describes the function of the nucleus? ✅it contains the genetic code for the
individual.
Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)? ✅Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They: ✅Are
sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn-out
cell parts
Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: ✅Accumulation of free
radicals in the cytoplasm
Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the ìpower plantsî of
the cell because they: ✅Extract energy from organic compounds
Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of the
following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
✅Microtubules
When explaining the function of glycolysis as it relates to anaerobic metabolism, the
faculty will mention which of the following key points? Select all that apply. ✅-
Glycolysis occurs in mitochondrion-lacking cells. -Pyruvic acid is an end result from a
series of reactions that converts glucose.
Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy to the body
by: ✅Combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water
To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes a chemical messenger
system to: ✅Release secretions into extracellular fluid
Which identifies correctly how the G proteinñlinked receptors are similar? ✅They have
a ligand-binding extracellular receptor component, which causes changes that activate
the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane.
,When working with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is receiving
peritoneal dialysis, the concept of diffusion can be explained by which of the following
statements? ✅If your potassium level is high, then K+ particles will move from your
peritoneal cavity into the dialysis solution, where the concentration of K+ is lower.
A male client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing hyperglycemia
because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of glucose transporters in
his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack intracellular glucose, and it
accumulates in his blood. Which of the following processes would best allow glucose to
cross his cell membranes? ✅Facilitated diffusion
The client asks the health care provider to explain phagocytosis. The provider will
respond, ìPhagocytosis: ✅Is a process where microorganisms are engulfed and
subsequently degraded or killed.
Exocytosis allows granular content to be released into extracellular fluid by:
✅Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances like hormones
The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
✅Diffusion of current-carrying ions
Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of
layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial
tissue? ✅Glandular epithelium: arises from surface epithelia and underlying connective
tissue.
Which body tissue exhibits the highest rate of turnover and renewal? ✅The squamous
epithelial cells of the skin
While explaining to a postñsurgical knee client about the various forms and function of
connective tissue, the nurse gives the example of the client's surgical repair of a torn
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which is due to: ✅A dense regular connective tissue
tear that is usually rich in collagen fibers that allows ligaments to join bone to bone
A student asks the instructor what it means when the book states, skeletal muscles are
syncytial or multinucleated? The instructor responds: ✅ìIf a skeletal muscle is injured
and a portion dies, the adjacent sections of that same skeletal muscle fiber do not die
because they have their own nuclear material.î
With skeletal muscle contraction, what prevent the development of cross-bridges
between the actin and myosin? Select all that apply. ✅-Tropomyosin attaches globular
heads to the myosin filament. -Troponin covers the tropomyosin-binding sites and
prevents the formation of cross-bridges.
, Which of the following statements about how smooth muscle differs from skeletal or
cardiac muscle are accurate? Smooth muscle: Select all that apply. ✅-Has dense
bodies attached to actin filaments -Has one centrally located nucleus
A client with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is most likely to
exhibit: ✅Separation at the junctions between epithelial cells
When exercising outside on an extremely warm day, the client can feel his heart
pounding very rapidly. Thinking in terms of the ability of the aorta to stretch to
accommodate more blood circulating during exercise and the warm environment, this is
an example of the function of which fibrous protein? ✅Elastin
While caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with leukocyte adhesion
deficiency (LAD), the client asks why he is always sick with an infection. The nurse
responds, ìLAD is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in recurrent
infections because of the lack of transmigration. This means: ✅Your white blood cells
are not able to leave the blood vessels and move into the area of infection.î
Which of the following clients would be an example of cellular atrophy? ✅A middle-
aged female experiencing menopause due to loss of estrogen
A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week
hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following
phenomena most likely accounts for the client's decrease in muscle function? ✅Disuse
atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
The client is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to which phenomenon in the remaining
liver cells? ✅Compensatory hyperplasia
A client presents for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of: ✅Changes in cell shape,
size, and organization
When performing an assessment on a school-aged child, the nurse notes that the
mucous membranes along the gum margins have a noticeable blue-colored line. At this
point, the nurse should ask the parents about possible: ✅Exposure to lead
An elderly client asks her health care provider if the reason she has developed aortic
stenosis is because she drank so much milk as a child growing up on a farm. Which of
the following responses is most accurate? ✅ìAtherosclerosis is a long process that
eventually results in calcification of heart valves.î
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
calcification? ✅Hyperparathyroidism
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid bilayer,
most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by: ✅Bound and
transmembrane proteins
Which describes the function of the nucleus? ✅it contains the genetic code for the
individual.
Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)? ✅Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
Which accurately explains the functions of the organelles lysosomes? They: ✅Are
sacs filled with enzymes that breakdown and remove foreign substances and worn-out
cell parts
Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in: ✅Accumulation of free
radicals in the cytoplasm
Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the ìpower plantsî of
the cell because they: ✅Extract energy from organic compounds
Semen analysis indicates that the client's sperm have decreased motility. Which of the
following cellular components may be defective within the client's sperm?
✅Microtubules
When explaining the function of glycolysis as it relates to anaerobic metabolism, the
faculty will mention which of the following key points? Select all that apply. ✅-
Glycolysis occurs in mitochondrion-lacking cells. -Pyruvic acid is an end result from a
series of reactions that converts glucose.
Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy to the body
by: ✅Combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water
To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes a chemical messenger
system to: ✅Release secretions into extracellular fluid
Which identifies correctly how the G proteinñlinked receptors are similar? ✅They have
a ligand-binding extracellular receptor component, which causes changes that activate
the G protein on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane.
,When working with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is receiving
peritoneal dialysis, the concept of diffusion can be explained by which of the following
statements? ✅If your potassium level is high, then K+ particles will move from your
peritoneal cavity into the dialysis solution, where the concentration of K+ is lower.
A male client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing hyperglycemia
because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of glucose transporters in
his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack intracellular glucose, and it
accumulates in his blood. Which of the following processes would best allow glucose to
cross his cell membranes? ✅Facilitated diffusion
The client asks the health care provider to explain phagocytosis. The provider will
respond, ìPhagocytosis: ✅Is a process where microorganisms are engulfed and
subsequently degraded or killed.
Exocytosis allows granular content to be released into extracellular fluid by:
✅Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances like hormones
The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
✅Diffusion of current-carrying ions
Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of
layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description and type of epithelial
tissue? ✅Glandular epithelium: arises from surface epithelia and underlying connective
tissue.
Which body tissue exhibits the highest rate of turnover and renewal? ✅The squamous
epithelial cells of the skin
While explaining to a postñsurgical knee client about the various forms and function of
connective tissue, the nurse gives the example of the client's surgical repair of a torn
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which is due to: ✅A dense regular connective tissue
tear that is usually rich in collagen fibers that allows ligaments to join bone to bone
A student asks the instructor what it means when the book states, skeletal muscles are
syncytial or multinucleated? The instructor responds: ✅ìIf a skeletal muscle is injured
and a portion dies, the adjacent sections of that same skeletal muscle fiber do not die
because they have their own nuclear material.î
With skeletal muscle contraction, what prevent the development of cross-bridges
between the actin and myosin? Select all that apply. ✅-Tropomyosin attaches globular
heads to the myosin filament. -Troponin covers the tropomyosin-binding sites and
prevents the formation of cross-bridges.
, Which of the following statements about how smooth muscle differs from skeletal or
cardiac muscle are accurate? Smooth muscle: Select all that apply. ✅-Has dense
bodies attached to actin filaments -Has one centrally located nucleus
A client with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is most likely to
exhibit: ✅Separation at the junctions between epithelial cells
When exercising outside on an extremely warm day, the client can feel his heart
pounding very rapidly. Thinking in terms of the ability of the aorta to stretch to
accommodate more blood circulating during exercise and the warm environment, this is
an example of the function of which fibrous protein? ✅Elastin
While caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with leukocyte adhesion
deficiency (LAD), the client asks why he is always sick with an infection. The nurse
responds, ìLAD is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in recurrent
infections because of the lack of transmigration. This means: ✅Your white blood cells
are not able to leave the blood vessels and move into the area of infection.î
Which of the following clients would be an example of cellular atrophy? ✅A middle-
aged female experiencing menopause due to loss of estrogen
A client has experienced significant decreases in mobility and stamina during a 3-week
hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following
phenomena most likely accounts for the client's decrease in muscle function? ✅Disuse
atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
The client is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to which phenomenon in the remaining
liver cells? ✅Compensatory hyperplasia
A client presents for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will
interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of: ✅Changes in cell shape,
size, and organization
When performing an assessment on a school-aged child, the nurse notes that the
mucous membranes along the gum margins have a noticeable blue-colored line. At this
point, the nurse should ask the parents about possible: ✅Exposure to lead
An elderly client asks her health care provider if the reason she has developed aortic
stenosis is because she drank so much milk as a child growing up on a farm. Which of
the following responses is most accurate? ✅ìAtherosclerosis is a long process that
eventually results in calcification of heart valves.î
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
calcification? ✅Hyperparathyroidism
