ASU BIO 340 Exam
1 Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,selective breeding (artificial selection) - Correct Ans: the process of developing organisms with specific
characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - Correct Ans: Amateur botanist who published an explanation of
hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly referred
to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - Correct Ans: the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - Correct Ans: an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928
which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can
transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - Correct Ans: biological researchers who identified DNA as the likely
transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - Correct Ans: concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was
DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - Correct Ans: Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C
and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - Correct Ans: British bacteriologist; the first person to show that hereditary
information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than vertically
genome - Correct Ans: the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - Correct Ans: gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
horizontal transmission - Correct Ans: gene transmission from parents to their offspring through
reproduction (aka person-to-person)
, DNA replication - Correct Ans: the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription - Correct Ans: synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) - Correct Ans: a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to
make a protein
hereditary material - Correct Ans: the information which is passed from one cellular generation to the
next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - Correct Ans: biological researchers who provided the basis for research on
DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - Correct Ans: the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape of
DNA
nucleotide - Correct Ans: a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - Correct Ans: DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.
chromosomes - Correct Ans: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of
most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
nucleoid - Correct Ans: a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
diploid - Correct Ans: containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n)
haploid - Correct Ans: an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (n)
gametes - Correct Ans: human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes
1 Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,selective breeding (artificial selection) - Correct Ans: the process of developing organisms with specific
characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - Correct Ans: Amateur botanist who published an explanation of
hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments and commonly referred
to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - Correct Ans: the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - Correct Ans: an experiment proposed by Frederick Griffith in 1928
which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can
transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - Correct Ans: biological researchers who identified DNA as the likely
transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - Correct Ans: concluded that the genetic material of the bacteriophage was
DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - Correct Ans: Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical quantities of A and T, C
and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - Correct Ans: British bacteriologist; the first person to show that hereditary
information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather than vertically
genome - Correct Ans: the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - Correct Ans: gene transmission between organisms without parental
reproduction
horizontal transmission - Correct Ans: gene transmission from parents to their offspring through
reproduction (aka person-to-person)
, DNA replication - Correct Ans: the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.
transcription - Correct Ans: synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
mRNA (messenger RNA) - Correct Ans: a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to
make a protein
hereditary material - Correct Ans: the information which is passed from one cellular generation to the
next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - Correct Ans: biological researchers who provided the basis for research on
DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - Correct Ans: the two scientists who discovered the structure and shape of
DNA
nucleotide - Correct Ans: a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - Correct Ans: DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.
chromosomes - Correct Ans: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of
most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
nucleoid - Correct Ans: a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
diploid - Correct Ans: containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent (2n)
haploid - Correct Ans: an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes (n)
gametes - Correct Ans: human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes
