PN2003 - VARIATION EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
condition in which there is permanent abnormal widening of the airways due to
inflammation - ANSWER bronchiectasis
group of diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema -
ANSWER COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
lungs ability to expand and contract - ANSWER elastic recoil
a vibration felt during palpation of the chest - ANSWER fremitus
curvature of the spine causing bowing out of the upper spine - ANSWER kyphosis
the maximum volume that lungs can expand during fullest inspiration - ANSWER
total lung capacity
the maximum amount of air that can be expelled following maximum inspiration -
ANSWER vital capacity
COPD, Pneumonia, influenza, lung cancer, lung abcess - ANSWER respiratory
conditions related to aging
decreased lung elasticity, activity of cilia, cough reflex, respiratory drive; lower
respiratory muscle strength and endurance, oxygen uptake - ANSWER age-related
changes on respiratory health
smoking, occupational chemicals/dust, infections, heredity and aging - ANSWER
causes of COPD
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways - ANSWER asthma
allergens, exercise, resp infections, nose/sinus probs, drug/food additives,
gastroesophageal reflux disease, air pollutants, emotional stress - ANSWER
triggers of asthma attack
inflammation usually from UTI, increased mucus/cough, may lead to pneumonia -
,ANSWER acute bronchitis
sputum production for 3 months in 2 consecutive years, COPD - ANSWER chronic
bronchitis
chronic end stage of asthma; includes permanent inflation of alveoli, destructive
changes in alveoli, air exchange is impeded due to changes in air passages (work of
breathing is increased due to less capacity for Oxygen exchange) - ANSWER
emphysema
COPD symptoms - ANSWER -large amount of mucus
-coughing
-shortness of breath
-chest tightness
-barrel chest
community-acquired, hospital-acquired, fungal, aspiration, opportunistic -
ANSWER 5 types of pneumonia
collection of debris, dead cells/decaying tissue in lungs; infection due to bacteria,
virus, or fungal agent results - ANSWER lung abscess
most preventable cancer - ANSWER lung cancer
irregular heart rate or rhythm - ANSWER arrhythmia
hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup in vessel walls -
ANSWER atherosclerosis
pain when the affected leg is dorsiflexed; usually associated with deep phlebitis of
the leg - ANSWER Homan sign
decline in cardiovascular function due to physical inactivity - ANSWER physical
deconditioning
consistent blood pressure reading of >/= 140 systolic and >/= diastolic - ANSWER
hypertension
, hypertensive heart disease (coronary artery disease, l. ventricle hypertrophy, heart
failure), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, nephrosclerosis,
retinal damage - ANSWER hypertension complications
decline in systolic blood pressure of 20mmHg or more after rising and standing for
1 min - ANSWER postural hypotension
decline in systolic blood pressure of 20mmHg or more 1 hour after eating -
ANSWER postprandial hypotension
dyspnea on exertion, confusion, nausea, edema in legs, crackles in lungs, coughing
up white frothy sputum - ANSWER symptoms of CHF
a high level of lipids (fats, cholesterol, and triglycerides) circulating in the blood. -
ANSWER hyperlipidemia
hypertension, hypotension, congestive heart failure, pulmonary emboli, coronary
artery disease, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disease -
ANSWER cardiovascular conditions affected by ageing
arteriosclerosis, aneurysms, varicose veins, venous thromboembolism - ANSWER
conditions r/t peripheral vascular disease
when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and
narrowed due to the buildup of cholesterol and plaque (atherosclerosis) Less blood
can flow through the arteries and the heart muscle can't get the blood/oxygen it
needs leading to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. - ANSWER coronary artery
disease
when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the
heart muscle - ANSWER myocardial infarction
a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart - ANSWER angina
reduced strength of esophageal contractions and slower transport of food down the
esophagus; age-related - ANSWER prebyesophagus
the inability to focus or accommodate properly due to reduced elasticity of the lens
- ANSWER presbyopia
VERIFIED ANSWERS
condition in which there is permanent abnormal widening of the airways due to
inflammation - ANSWER bronchiectasis
group of diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema -
ANSWER COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
lungs ability to expand and contract - ANSWER elastic recoil
a vibration felt during palpation of the chest - ANSWER fremitus
curvature of the spine causing bowing out of the upper spine - ANSWER kyphosis
the maximum volume that lungs can expand during fullest inspiration - ANSWER
total lung capacity
the maximum amount of air that can be expelled following maximum inspiration -
ANSWER vital capacity
COPD, Pneumonia, influenza, lung cancer, lung abcess - ANSWER respiratory
conditions related to aging
decreased lung elasticity, activity of cilia, cough reflex, respiratory drive; lower
respiratory muscle strength and endurance, oxygen uptake - ANSWER age-related
changes on respiratory health
smoking, occupational chemicals/dust, infections, heredity and aging - ANSWER
causes of COPD
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways - ANSWER asthma
allergens, exercise, resp infections, nose/sinus probs, drug/food additives,
gastroesophageal reflux disease, air pollutants, emotional stress - ANSWER
triggers of asthma attack
inflammation usually from UTI, increased mucus/cough, may lead to pneumonia -
,ANSWER acute bronchitis
sputum production for 3 months in 2 consecutive years, COPD - ANSWER chronic
bronchitis
chronic end stage of asthma; includes permanent inflation of alveoli, destructive
changes in alveoli, air exchange is impeded due to changes in air passages (work of
breathing is increased due to less capacity for Oxygen exchange) - ANSWER
emphysema
COPD symptoms - ANSWER -large amount of mucus
-coughing
-shortness of breath
-chest tightness
-barrel chest
community-acquired, hospital-acquired, fungal, aspiration, opportunistic -
ANSWER 5 types of pneumonia
collection of debris, dead cells/decaying tissue in lungs; infection due to bacteria,
virus, or fungal agent results - ANSWER lung abscess
most preventable cancer - ANSWER lung cancer
irregular heart rate or rhythm - ANSWER arrhythmia
hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup in vessel walls -
ANSWER atherosclerosis
pain when the affected leg is dorsiflexed; usually associated with deep phlebitis of
the leg - ANSWER Homan sign
decline in cardiovascular function due to physical inactivity - ANSWER physical
deconditioning
consistent blood pressure reading of >/= 140 systolic and >/= diastolic - ANSWER
hypertension
, hypertensive heart disease (coronary artery disease, l. ventricle hypertrophy, heart
failure), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, nephrosclerosis,
retinal damage - ANSWER hypertension complications
decline in systolic blood pressure of 20mmHg or more after rising and standing for
1 min - ANSWER postural hypotension
decline in systolic blood pressure of 20mmHg or more 1 hour after eating -
ANSWER postprandial hypotension
dyspnea on exertion, confusion, nausea, edema in legs, crackles in lungs, coughing
up white frothy sputum - ANSWER symptoms of CHF
a high level of lipids (fats, cholesterol, and triglycerides) circulating in the blood. -
ANSWER hyperlipidemia
hypertension, hypotension, congestive heart failure, pulmonary emboli, coronary
artery disease, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disease -
ANSWER cardiovascular conditions affected by ageing
arteriosclerosis, aneurysms, varicose veins, venous thromboembolism - ANSWER
conditions r/t peripheral vascular disease
when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and
narrowed due to the buildup of cholesterol and plaque (atherosclerosis) Less blood
can flow through the arteries and the heart muscle can't get the blood/oxygen it
needs leading to chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. - ANSWER coronary artery
disease
when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the
heart muscle - ANSWER myocardial infarction
a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart - ANSWER angina
reduced strength of esophageal contractions and slower transport of food down the
esophagus; age-related - ANSWER prebyesophagus
the inability to focus or accommodate properly due to reduced elasticity of the lens
- ANSWER presbyopia
