AQA Psychology - Approaches with questions and 100% answers,

What are the 2 learning approaches? - Behaviourist approach and social learning theory. What are the 3 causes of behaviour according to the biological approach? - Genes and evolution, biological structures and neurochemistry. What are the key assumptions of the biological approach? - Behaviour originates from biological structures: genes, nervous system and neurochemistry. What are the key assumptions of the cognitive approach? - Thought processes explain behaviour, make inferences about the mind based on behaviour. What are the key assumptions of the humanistic approach? - Every individual is unique. Everyone has free will. People should be viewed holistically. Scientific methods shouldn't be used. What are the key assumptions of the learning approach? - Behaviour learnt from experience. What are the key assumptions of the psychodynamic approach - - Origins of behaviour in unconscious mind - Instincts motivate behaviour - childhood influences later behaviour What are the strengths of the behaviourist approach? - SCIENTIFIC METHODS - observations in controlled environment that can be replicated. REAL LIFE APPLICATION - lead to conditioning treatments (systematic desensitisation)What are the strengths of the biological approach? - REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS - lead to effective treatments by altering neurotransmitter levels e.g. Serotonin and depressions SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE - concordance rates for schizophrenia 48%MZ 17%DZ What are the strengths of the cognitive approach? - SCIENTIFIC METHODS - uses highly controlled experiments so confident, helps psychology and biology come together. APPLIED TO LIFE - used to treat depression (CBT) and development of artificial intelligence. What are the strengths of the humanistic approach? - Practical applications: developed counselling - meta-analysis of 86 studies. Less deterministic: allows personal development and considers free will. What are the strengths of the learning theory? - EVIDENCE - Bandura showed social learning in a controlled environment BUT not representative. FOCUSES ON COGNITIVE - emphasised meditational processes that suggest we have free will. What are the strengths of the psychodynamic approach? - Practical application: psychotherapy, bring memories into conscious. Case study: 'Little hans' phobia of horses because of big penis (phallic stage). What are the topics in the humanistic approach? - Rogers: focus on self and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. What are the topics in the psychodynamic approach? - Role of the unconscious, tripartite structure of personality, defence mechanisms and instincts and drives What are the weakness of the psychodynamic approach? - Case studies lack population validity. Can't be scientifically tested (personality). Too deterministic (prisoners of childhood)