NPTE Practice Questions with complete solutions

Oct 24, 2019 A physical therapist instructs a patient to change his wound dressing daily between weekly visits to the wound center. At the next visit, the patient reports that he instead changed the dressing only when it was soaked through in an effort to conserve supplies. As a result, the surrounding skin would most likely be described as: 1) Infected 2) Gangrenous 3) Macerated 4) Indurated - ANSWER-Macerated Oct 25, 2019 A physical therapist uses functional electrical stimulation as part of a treatment regimen designed to improve quadriceps strength. Which on:off time ratio would result in the most rapid onset of muscle fatigue? 1) 3:1 2) 1:4 3) 5:1 4) 1:6 - ANSWER-3) 5:1 Oct 26, 2019 A physical therapist performs goniometric measurements for elbow with a patient in supine. In order to isolate elbow flexion the therapist should stabilize the: 1) distal end of the humerus 2) proximal end of the humerus 3) distal end of the ulna 4) proximal end of the ulna - ANSWER-1) distal end of the humerus OCt 27, 2019 A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with post-polio syndrome. Which of the following areas is the least likely to be affected based on the patient's diagnosis? 1) strength 2) sensation 3) endurance 4) functional activity - ANSWER-2) sensation Oct 28, 2019 A physical therapist listens to the lung sounds of a 56-year-old male with chronic bronchitis. The patient was admitted to the hospital two days ago after complaining of shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. While performing auscultation, the therapist identifies distinct lung sounds with a high constant pitch during exhalation. This type of sound is most consistent with: 1) crackles 2) rales 3) rhonchi 4) wheezes - ANSWER-4) wheezes Oct 29, 2019 A physical therapist is reviewing the medical record of a patient with metabolic syndrome. Which risk factor is most prevalent with this diagnosis? 1) genetic origin 2) obesity/sedentary lifestyle 3) decreased thyroid hormone secretion 4) decreased fasting blood glucose level - ANSWER-2) obesity/sedentary lifestyle Oct 30, 2019 A physical therapist measures elbow flexion while a patient grasps the handgrip of a walker in standing. The therapist records elbow flexion as 35 degrees. Which statement best describes the height of the walker? 1) the walker height is too low for the patient 2) the walker height is too high for the patient 3) the walker height is appropriate for the patient 4) not enough information is given to assess walker height - ANSWER-2) the walker height is too high for the patient Oct 31, 2019 A physical therapist reviews clinical features and diagnostic criteria associated with various types of osteogenesis imperfecta. Which of the following is included in the criteria used to delineate specific types of this condition? 1) fracture frequency 2) genetic inheritance 3) age of diagnosis 4) anticipated life expectancy - ANSWER-2) genetic inheritance Nov 1, 2019 A physical therapist treats a patient with right homonymous hemianopsia. The patient is positioned in sitting in the middle of a small table. When reaching for objects placed at different locations around the table, the patient would have the most difficulty retrieving objects: 1) placed at the top center of the table 2) placed to the left side of the table 3) placed to the right side of the table 4) placed at the bottom center of the table - ANSWER-3) placed to the right side of the table Nov 2, 2019 A patient diagnosed with patellofemoral syndrome reports significant pain in the involved knee when descending stairs. Which scenario is most likely responsible for the patients subjective report of knee pain? 1) concentric activity of the quadriceps 2) eccentric activity of the quadriceps 3) concentric activity of the hamstrings 4) eccentric activity of the hamstrings - ANSWER-2) eccentric activity of the quadriceps Nov 3, 2019 A physical therapist treats a patient with a medical history that includes Klinefelter syndrome. What is the exact etiology of this genetic condition? 1) Autosomal dominant disorder 2) Autosomal trisomy disorder 3) Partial deletion disorder 4) Sex chromosome aneuploidy disorder - ANSWER-4) Sex chromosome aneuploidy disorder Nov 4, 2019 A physical therapist assesses a patient's present pain level and concludes that the current patient-controlled analgesia protocol is not adequate. The most appropriate action is too: 1) modify the allowable medication dosage 2) eliminate the lockout interval 3) contact the patient's nurse 4) page the patient's referring physician - ANSWER-3) contact the patient's nurse Nov 5, 2019 A patient rehabilitating form a lower extremity injury is instructed to perform the wall sits. This exercise would most likely be prescribed to: 1) address balance impairments 2) address postural deviation 3) address muscular endurance impairments 4) address range of motion impairments - ANSWER-3) address muscular endurance impairments Nov 6, 2019 A physical therapist reviews the role of the abdominal muscles during respiration. Which statement best describes the primary function of the internal oblique muscles during the process? 1) decrease the volume of the chest cavity during exhalation 2) decrease the volume of the chest cavity during inhalation 3) increase the volume of the chest cavity during exhalation 4) increase the volume of the chest cavity during inhalation - ANSWER-1) decrease the volume of the chest cavity during exhalation Nov 7, 2019 A physical therapist treats a patient rehabilitating from a stroke involving the right hemisphere secondary to an anteriovenous malformation. Based on the presented image (therapist helping patient pick up ball and move it laterally). What is the therapist working on with this patient? 1) mobility 2) stability 3) controlled mobility 4) skill - ANSWER-3) controlled mobility Nov 8, 2019 A patient has been taking prednisone for nine months due to a chronic pulmonary disease. Which of the following conditions should the physical therapist be most concerned about as a potential risk factor for this patient? 1) osteoporosis 2) osteogenesis imperfecta 3) Type 1 diabetes 4) hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-1) osteoporosis Nov 9, 2019 A physical therapist observes a patient completing a standing squat shown in the image. During the squat the therapist notes that the patient is unable to maintain their heels in contact with the ground. This finding is most likely due to shortness of the: 1) gastrocnemius 2) popliteus 3) soleus 4) tibalis anterior - ANSWER-3) soleus Nov 10, 2019 A physical therapist applies a hot pack to a patient's hamstring region prior to performing soft tissue mobilization and stretching. Assuming the goal was to heat the tissue prior to the interventions, which of the following medications would most likely limit this desired effect? 1) Amlodipine (Norvasc) 2) Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) 3) Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) 4) Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) - ANSWER-3) Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) Nov 11, 2019 A physical therapist works with a patient with hemiparesis. The patient is stabilizing the upper trunk and shifts weight onto the right ischium through: 1) left-sided lower body initiated lateral weight shift 2) right-sided lower body initiated lateral weight shift 3) lower body initiated anterior weight shift 4) lower body initiated posterior weight shift - ANSWER-1) left-sided lower body initiated lateral weight shift Nov 12, 2019 A patient is referred to physical therapy following a Bankart repair. Which of the following interventions should the physical therapist most anticipate needing to incorporate into the patient's plan of care based on this diagnosis? 1) range of motion exercises emphasizing shoulder lateral rotation 2) scapular and glenohumeral dynamic stabilization exercises 3) chest press and latissimus pull-down exercises 4) grade IV joint mobilizations emphasizing anterior glides - ANSWER-2) scapular and glenohumeral dynamic stabilization exercises Nov 13, 2019 A physical therapist treats a patients diagnosed with epilepsy that is taking an anticonvulsant medication. The physician hypothesizes that the medication may be responsible for the patient's recent cardiac arrhythmias. What anticonvulsant would be most likely to produce this type of side effect? 1) Dilantin 2) Tegretol 3) Klonopin 4) Neurontin - ANSWER-2) Tegretol Nov 14, 2019 A physical therapist instructs a patient to perform SL stance on an airex. The primary purpose of using the airex is to: 1) add resistance to the exercise 2) challenge balance 3) add stability 4) challenge ankle flexibility - ANSWER-2) challenge balance Nov 15, 2019 A physical therapist treats a patient who has been on bed rest for two weeks and is demonstrating signs of orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following interventions would the therapist be least likely to use? 1) elastic stockings 2) tilt table 3) standing frame 4) abdominal binder - ANSWER-3) standing frame Nov 16, 2019 A physical therapist administers superficial heat to the low back of a patient using a hydrocollator pack. Assuming the therapist uses 6 towel layers, the most appropriate duration for the intervention is: 1) 10 minutes 2) 20 minutes 3) 30 minutes 4) 40 minutes - ANSWER-2) 20 minutes Nov 17, 2019 A patient presents with marked weaknesses during resisted testing of right shoulder extension and medial (internal) rotation. Which of the following nerve lesions would most likely produce the described impairments? 1) thoracodorsal nerve 2) suprascapular nerve 3) spinal accessory nerve 4) axillary nerve - ANSWER-1) thoracodorsal nerve Nov 18, 2019 A physical therapist prepares to quantify the amount of elbow flexion for a patient rehabilitating from a radial head fracture. Which of the following steps would be the last to occur when measuring range of motion with a goniometer? 1) stabilize the proximal joint segment 2) determine end-feel 3) align the goniometer 4) palpate bony landmarks - ANSWER-3) align the goniometer Nov 19, 2019 A physical therapist assesses a patient with a traumatic brain injury using the Glascow Coma Scale. If the therapist documents the eye opening score as a three (E3), which of the following responses was observed during this portion of the assessment? 1) spontaneous eye opening 2) eyes open in response to speech 3) eyes open in response to pain 4) eyes do not open (nil response) - ANSWER-2) eyes open in response to speech Nov 20, 2019 An athlete sustains a grade II syndesmotic sprain of the ankle while playing football. Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur if this type of sprain is misdiagnosed or does not receive appropriate treatment? 1) degenerative articular cartilage changes 2) metatarsal stress fracture 3) anterior compartment syndrome 4) myositis ossificans - ANSWER-1) degenerative articular cartilage changes Nov 21, 2019 If continuation of standing and walking is indicated for an adolescent with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the physical therapist should consider which of the following equipment options? 1) ankle-foot orthosis and bilateral canes 2) ankle-foot orthoses and bilateral Lofstrand crutches 3) knee-ankle-foot orthoses and bilateral canes 4) knee-ankle-foot orthoses and walker - ANSWER-4) knee-ankle-foot orthoses and walker Nov 22, 2019 A physical therapist assesses a patient with suspected hip pathology. Which individual would inherently have the greatest hip stability? 1) a child with 20 degrees of femoral anteversion 2) a child with 30 degrees of femoral anteversion 3) an adult with 5 degrees of femoral anteversion 4) an adult with 25 degrees of femoral anteversion - ANSWER-3) an adult with 5 degrees of femoral anteversion Nov 23, 2019 A patient with Alzheimer's disease residing in an assisted living facility exhibits sundown syndrome. Which of the following actions is the most appropriate to diminish the severity of sundowning symptoms? 1) use of increased lighting in the early morning 2) encourage naps during the day 3) decrease general activity level 4) reduce structure of patient's daily routine - ANSWER-1) use of increased lighting in the early morning Nov 24, 2019 A physical therapist gathers data to assist in differential diagnoses. The therapist determines that the patient's present pain is located primarily in the right posterior shoulder region with intermittent paresthesias in the right middle finger. This type of clinical presentation is most consistent with which of the following conditions? 1) AC joint arthritis 2) biceps tendinitis 3) cervical radiculopathy 4) rotator cuff tear - ANSWER-3) cervical radiculopathy Nov 25, 2019 A physical therapist observes a patient utilizing a hip strategy to shift the center of mass during a balance test. Which muscle group would be activated first during forward sway using this postural strategy? 1) abdominals 2) plantar flexors 3) paraspinals 4) dorsiflexors - ANSWER-1) abdominals Nov 26th, 2019 A physical therapist reviews a chart prior to treating a patient in the hospital coronary care unit. A recent entry indicates that the patient is taking an angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which of the following side effects is common the ACE inhibitors and would most impact the therapist performing transfer training with this patient? 1) bradycardia 2) dehydration 3) hypokalemia 4) hypotension - ANSWER-4) hypotension Nov 27, 2019 A physical therapist places a four-month-old infant onto their stomach to assess developmental milestones. If the tonic labryrinthine reflex is still present, what response would the therapist most expect to observe in the prone position? 1) flexion of the arms and extension of the legs 2) extension of the arms and flexion of the legs 3) flexion of the arms and the legs 4) extension of the arms and the legs - ANSWER-3) flexion of the arms and the legs Nov 28, 2019 A physical therapist positions a patient in supine and places the head and neck in maximal flexion, and then laterally rotates the head to the right side. While stabilizing the head in this position, the therapist then depresses the right shoulder girdle. Which right-sided muscle would be fully assessed for adequate length using this testing procedure? 1) SCM 2) levator scapulae 3) anterior scalene 4) upper trap - ANSWER-4) upper trap Nov 29, 2019 A physical therapist treats a patient that presents with a rapid and shallow breathing pattern as well as external dyspnea. Pulmonary function testing reveals decreased vital capacity and total lung capacity, however, residual volume and expiratory flow rates are within normal limits. Which of the following conditions is the most likely extrapulmonary etiology with these clinical findings? 1) scoliosis 2) sarcoidosis 3) tuberculosis 4) chronic bronchitis - ANSWER-1) scoliosis Nov 30, 2019 A 12-year-old female diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis presents with a right thoracic curve of 30 degrees. Which form of medical management would be most likely for this patient? 1) halo vest 2) Boston brace 3) bone growth stimulator 4) spinal fusion - ANSWER-2) Boston brace Dec 1, 2019 A patient has an echocardiogram following an MI. The echocardiogram shows damage to the posterolateral wall of the left ventricle. Which coronary artery was most likely occluded based on the involved area of the heart? 1) right coronary artery 2) posterior descending artery 3) left anterior descending artery 4) circumflex artery - ANSWER-4) circumflex artery Dec 2, 2019 A physical therapist evaluating an infant observes the patient manipulating objects. Which of the following manipulation skills demonstrate the most advanced volitional movement? 1) striking two blocks together 2) holding an object in one hand and banging it with the other 3) transferring an object between hands 4) shaking of held object in either hand - ANSWER-1) striking two blocks together Dec 3, 2019 A physical therapist prepares to perform a joint mobilization on a patient with adhesive capsulitis. When applying the convex-concave rule, which direction should the mobilizing force be applied to address the greatest restriction of range of motion expected based on the presence of a capsular patter at the glenohumeral joint? 1) posterior glide 2) inferior glide 3) anterior glide 4) superior glide - ANSWER-3) anterior glide Dec 4, 2019 A physical therapist is reviewing a medical record of a patient with pulmonary pathology. The lungs show destruction of the bronchioles in the upper lobes with inflammation and thickened bronchiolar walls. The patient's history includes 30 years of smoking. The clinical presentation is most likely associated with which of the following medical diagnosis? 1) Centrilobular emphysema 2) Paraseptal emphysema 3) Pneumonia 4) Pulmonary fibrosis - ANSWER-1) Centrilobular emphysema Dec 5, 2019 A physical therapist performs a muscle length assessment on a patient's gastroc and determines that shortening of this muscle only permits five degrees of ankle dorsiflexion. Which of the following gait deviations should the therapist most anticipate based on this finding? 1) Foot slap at heel strike (initial contact) 2) Toe down instead of heel strike 3) Heel lift during stance 4) No toe off during toe off (pre-swing) - ANSWER-3) Heel lift during stance Dec 6, 2019 A physical therapist consults with a speech-language pathologist regarding a patient who has abulic aphasia. Based on the type of presenting aphasia, which of the following impairments would be most anticipated? 1) Delayed response time to questions 2) Limited speech production with jumbled words 3) Inability to understand questions being asked 4) Inability to produce or comprehend language - ANSWER-1) Delayed response time to questions Dec 7, 2019 A physical therapist employed in a rehabilitation hospital utilizes a variety of transfer techniques to move patients of various functional abilities. Which type of transfer would not be classified as dependent? 1) sliding transfer 2) hydraulic lift 3) sliding board transfer 4) two-person lift - ANSWER-3) sliding board transfer Dec 8, 2019 A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome. A recent lumbar puncture helped confirm the diagnosis. Which of the following findings would most likely have been present in the cerebrospinal fluid sample to confirm the medical diagnosis? 1) elevated levels of erythrocytes 2) elevated protein levels 3) low levels of gamma globulin 4) low glucose levels - ANSWER-2) elevated protein levels Dec 9, 2019 A physical therapist measures passive forearm supination and concludes that the results are within normal limits. Which measurement would be classified as within normal limits? 1) 0-60 2) 0-80 3) 0-100 4) 0-120 - ANSWER-2) 0-80 Dec 10, 2019 A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with neuropraxia of the ulnar nerve. Which of the following results should the therapist most expect from a nerve conduction velocity test on a patient with neuropraxia? 1) decreased nerve conduction velocity along the site of the lesion 2) decreased nerve conduction velocity only at points distal to the lesion 3) complete loss of electrical conduction at all points distal to the lesion 4) decreased nerve conduction velocity only at points proximal to the lesion - ANSWER-1) decreased nerve conduction velocity along the site of the lesion Dec 11, 2019 A physical therapist preparing a hot pack notices the water in the hot pack unit is cloudy. The most probable explanation is: 1) power failure 2) seepage from a hot pack 3) ineffective heating element 4) thermostat set too low - ANSWER-2) seepage from a hot pack Dec 12, 2019 A patient has limited finger flexion and difficulty with gripping objects. The therapist notes limitation in the patient's range of motion for DIP joint flexion when the PIP joint is held in extension. However, the patient has normal DIP joint flexion when the PIP joint is partially flexed. What structure is most likely limiting the patient's range of motion? 1) DIP joint capsule 2) retinacular ligaments 3) extensor digitorum muscle 4) FDP muscle - ANSWER-2) retinacular ligaments Dec 13, 2019 A patient diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis is referred to physical therapy. The therapist elects to use iontophoresis over the lateral epicondyle. Which type of current would the physical therapist use to administer the treatment? 1) direct 2) alternating 3) pulsatile 4) interferential - ANSWER-1) direct Dec 14, 2019 During an examination of a patient with chronic shoulder pain, a physical therapist attempts to determine the patient's level of kinesiophobia. What objective information would be the most useful for the therapist? 1) reflex activity 2) AROM 3) PROM 4) sensory testing - ANSWER-2) AROM Dec 15, 2019 A physical therapist reads in the medical record that a patient recently experienced a first-degree atrioventricular heart block. Which of the following findings would the therapist most likely expect to observe when analyzing the patient's electrocardiogram strip? 1) an absent QRS complex 2) an elevated ST segment 3) a wide QRS complex 4) a prolonged PR interval - ANSWER-4) a prolonged PR interval Dec 17, 2019 A physical therapist works with a patient that required a mechanical ventilator during an acute care hospitalization. If the patient continues to experience dyspnea due to a weakened immune diaphragm post mechanical ventilation, which of the following patient positions is the most desirable to provide relief from the dyspnea? 1) lying supine with the lower extremities elevated 2) trendelenburg positioning in sidelying 3) semi-fowler positioning 4) leaning forward in sitting with upper extremity support - ANSWER-4) leaning forward in sitting with upper extremity support Dec 18, 2019 A physical therapist assesses a patient with a diabetic foot ulcer. Using the Wagner Ulcer Grade Classification System, the therapist grades the ulcer as a score of 4. What would be the most appropriate intervention for this type of wound? 1) pulsed levage 2) total-contact casting 3) oral antibiotics 4) surgical amputation - ANSWER-4) surgical amputation Dec 19, 2019 A physical therapist examines the posture of a patient from a lateral view using a plumb line. Which structural condition would be most likely to cause the plumb line to fall further posterior to the hip joint? 1) swayback 2) lordosis 3) scoliosis 4) genu recurvatum - ANSWER-1) swayback Dec 20, 2019 A patient with complete T6 spinal cord injury works on pursed-lip breathing with a physical therapist. Based on the patient's diagnosis, which muscle(s) would the patient most likely utilize for forced expiration? 1) external intercostals 2) internal intercostals 3) diaphragm 4) quadratus lumborum - ANSWER-2) internal intercostals Dec 21, 2019 A physical therapist observes that a patient has a limitation in plantar flexion range of motion on the left during ambulation activities. This mobility restriction would be most apparent during which phase of gait? 1) terminal swing 2) loading response 3) initial contact 4) midstance - ANSWER-2) loading response Dec 22, 2019 An 82-year-old patient reports fatigue when ambulating to and from their home mailbox. Which of the following factors would most likely contribute to the patient's reported difficulty? 1) increased diastolic blood pressure 2) decreased cardiac output 3) decreased cardiac afterload 4) decreased arterial patency - ANSWER-2) decreased cardiac output Dec 23, 2019 A physical therapist interviews a patient recently involved in a motor vehicle accident, in which the patient sustained multiple lower extremity injuries. During the interview, the patient appears to be very depressed and withdrawn. Which of the following would be least likely to encourage active dialogue by the patient? 1) How does your knee feel today? 2) What are your goals for therapy? 3) Do you have trouble sleeping at night? 4) Tell me about your present condition? - ANSWER-3) Do you have trouble sleeping at night? A 52-year-old direct access patient is examined in physical therapy. The patient states that over the last three months he has experienced increasing neck stiffness and pain at night. He also communicates that he recently has several episodes of dizziness. The patient has a family history of cancer and has smoked two packs of cigarettes a day for over twenty years. The date of his last medical examination was ten years ago. The physical therapist's most appropriate action is to: 1) treat the patient conservatively and document any changes in the patient's status 2) inform the patient that he is not a candidate for physical therapy 3) refer the patient to an oncologist 4) refer the patient to his PCP - ANSWER-4) refer the patient to his PCP Dec 25, 2019 While participating in a soccer game, a player complains of gradually increasing shortness of breath and eventually begins to experience wheezing and dyspnea. The player is removed from the game so that they can take medication to control their asthma attack. Which type of medication was most likely administered? 1) mucolytics 2) antihistamines 3) beta-adrenergic agonists 4) antitussives - ANSWER-3) beta-adrenergic agonists Dec 26, 2019 A physical therapist prescribes a home exercise program for a patient referred to physical therapy after being diagnosed with a disease process. The exercise program emphasizes large amplitude movements. This type of exercise program would be most beneficial for which of the following conditions? 1) Alzheimer's 2) Huntington's 3) ALS 4) Parkinson's - ANSWER-4) Parkinson's Dec 27, 2019 A note in a patient's medical record indicates that they are taking oral potassium chloride for an acid-base disorder. Which acid-base disorder is most likely based on the prescribed medication? 1) respiratory acidosis 2) respiratory alkalosis 3) metabolic acidosis 4) metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-4) metabolic alkalosis Dec 28, 2019 A physical therapist examines the gait of a patient with peripheral neuropathy. The therapist observes that the patient's right foot tends to slap the ground during the loading response. Damage to which of the following nerves would best explain this gait impairment? 1) tibial 2) deep peroneal 3) superficial peroneal 4) femoral - ANSWER-2) deep peroneal Dec 29, 2019 A physical therapist discusses the importance of a well-balanced diet with a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most appropriate action to emphasize the importance of diet is: 1) provide a handout from the American Diabetes Association which outlines an appropriate diet 2) ask other patients that have made dietary changes to speak to the patient 3) arrange for a consultation with a dietician 4) provide copies of recent research articles which cite the benefit of a well-balanced diet - ANSWER-3) arrange for a consultation with a dietician Dec 30, 2019 A physical therapist gathers a variety of equipment prior to administering a series of sensory tests. Which form of sensation would most likely be examined by utilizing a comb? 1) graphesthesia 2) vibration 3) stereognosis 4) barognosis - ANSWER-3) stereognosis Dec 31, 2019 A physical therapist performs a chart review for a patient admitted to the hospital after sustaining an acute myocardial infarction. A recent note in the medical record indicates that the patient has experienced frequent arrhythmias. An excessive amount of which nutrient would most likely contribute to the arrhythmias. 1) potassium 2) chloride 3) zinc 4) sodium - ANSWER-1) potassium Jan 1, 2020 A physical therapist treats a patient status post myocardial infarction. The physician prescribes moderate exercise activities no greater than 5 METs. Which of the following descriptions would be most accurate for an activity that requires 5 METs? 1) an increase in systolic blood pressure of 25 mmHG above resting value 2) an increase in heart rate of 50 beats per minute above the resting value 3) an increase in oxygen uptake five times greater than the resting value 4) an increase in pulse pressure of 10 mmHG above the resting value - ANSWER-3) an increase in oxygen uptake five times greater than the resting value Jan 2, 2020 A physical therapist determines that a patient's abnormal gait pattern is characterized as ataxic. Which of the following best describes this gait pattern? 1) wide base of support with exaggerated movements 2) legs crossing the midline 3) small shuffling steps and festinating 4) high stepping with foot slap - ANSWER-1) wide base of support with exaggerated movements Jan 3, 2020 A physician shows a physical therapist an x-ray taken on a child that depicts an osteochondroma. Which location would be the most likely for the osteochondroma? 1) Neck of the femur 2) Distal femur 3) Proximal radius 4) Distal humerus - ANSWER-2) Distal femur Jan 4, 2020 A physical therapist assigns a grade of fair after performing a manual muscle test with a patient in sitting. Which muscle would most likely be associated with the described testing procedure? 1) pec major 2) anterior deltoid 3) latissimus dorsi 4) lower trap - ANSWER-2) anterior deltoid Jan 5, 2020 A physical therapist employed in an acute hospital attempts to identify the current status of a patient following a TBI. Which objective piece of documentation in the chart would suggest the most severe brain injury? 1) Glascow coma scale: 4 2) Glascow coma scale: 14 3) levels of cognitive functioning scale, level IV 4) levels of cognitive functioning scale, level VIII - ANSWER-1) Glascow coma scale: 4 Jan 6, 2020 A physician informs a patient that recent testing reveals that her breast cancer has spread to tissues adjacent to the primary tumor. The cancer cells have fully infiltrated the lymph nodes in this area, however, have not spread to other areas of the body. This description is most consistent with which stage of cancer? 1) stage I 2) stage II 3) stage III 4) stage IV - ANSWER-3) stage III Jan 7, 2020 A physical therapist works on transfer training with a patient who is currently taking a calcium channel blocker medication. Which side effect is most likely to occur during the session secondary to the use of this medication? 1) postural hypotension 2) tachycardia 3) sedation 4) cardiac arrythmias - ANSWER-1) postural hypotension Jan 8, 2020 A physical therapist is treating a five-year-old child with a diagnosis of athetoid cerebral palsy involving all four of their extremities. Which structure was most likely affected with this type of cerebral palsy? 1) motor cortex 2) basal ganglia 3) cerebellum 4) brainstem - ANSWER-2) basal ganglia Jan 9, 2020 A physical therapist positions a patient in a hooklying position and asks the patient to raise their head from the plinth. This testing procedure would most likely be used to identify which condition? 1) vertebral artery compression 2) diastasis recti 3) thoracic outlet syndrome 4) acromioclavicular arthritis - ANSWER-2) diastasis recti Jan 10, 2020 A patient with a genetically inherited neuromuscular disorder reports weakness in their hands and feet with normal strength elsewhere. The patient experiences difficulty with grasping objects and demonstrates a steppage gait pattern. This clinical presentation is most consistent with which of the following medical conditions? 1) Guillain-Barre syndrome 2) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 3) Post-polio syndrome 4) Huntington's disease - ANSWER-2) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Jan 11, 2020 A physical therapist reads in the medical record that a wound resulting from venous insufficiency was classified as "Black" using the red-yellow-black system. Given the wound's classification, which of the following interventions would be most appropriate? 1) protect the wound with a transparent film dressing 2) using negative pressure wound therapy on the wound 3) debride the wound with forceps 4) avoid intervening until the wound is classified as "yellow" - ANSWER-3) debride the wound with forceps Jan 12, 2020 A physical therapist makes wheelchair recommendations for a patient with a C4 complete spinal cord injury. Which wheelchair feature would be the most desirable for this patient? 1) removable armrests 2) tilt-in-space frame 3) handrims with rim projections 4) handheld joystick controls - ANSWER-2) tilt-in-space frame Jan 13, 2020 A physical therapist determines that a patient with a history of recurrent low back pain would benefit from frontal plane stabilization exercises that focus on activation of the quadratus lumborum. Which of the following exercises would best accomplish this objective? 1) balancing a rod on the back while performing an exercise in quadruped 2) single leg slides in supine position while maintaining a neutral spine 3) alternating leg lifts in a prone position while maintaining a neutral spine 4) propping up on the elbow in sidelying while lifting the pelvis off the matt (side plank) - ANSWER-4) propping up on the elbow in sidelying while lifting the pelvis off the matt (side plank) Jan 14, 2020 A patient three months post myocardial infarction has a follow-up electrocardiogram at his physician's office. The electrocardiogram shows three consecutive premature ventricular contractions with the absence of P waves. This description is most consistent with which of the following dysrhythmias? 1) atrial flutter 2) ventricular asystole 3) ventricular tachycardia 4) third-degree heart block - ANSWER-3) ventricular tachycardia Jan 15, 2020 A physical therapist completes lower extremity range of motion activities with a patient status post spinal cord injury.While performing PROM, the therapist notices the patient's urine is extremely dark and has a distinctive foul smelling odor. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the therapist to take? 1) check for other signs of infection 2) report observation to physician 3) report observation to nurse 4) educate the patient on importance on proper hydration - ANSWER-3) report observation to nurse Jan 16, 2020 A patient with a C4 spinal cord injury in an acute care hospital prepares to transfer from the bed to their wheelchair. The patient's BMI is 38.4. Which of the following transfer techniques would be the most appropriate for this patient? 1) dependent squat pivot transfer 2) sliding board transfer 3) two-person lift 4) hydraulic lift - ANSWER-4) hydraulic lift Jan 17, 2020 A patient is directed that they are only allowed to be 20% weight bearing following right knee surgery. The patient uses a scale to determine how much weight they are actually putting through the affected leg. Due to significant upper extremity weakness, the patient is only able to achieve 25% weight bearing on the affected extremity. During which phase of gait would the patient most likely be breaking their weight bearing precautions? 1) loading response 2) midstance 3) pre-swing 4) midswing - ANSWER-2) midstance Jan 18, 2020 A physical therapist works with a nine-year-old child with cystic fibrosis. The age which best approximates the median age of survival for a patient with cystic fibrosis is: 1) 15 2) 25 3) 35 4) 50 - ANSWER-3) 35 Jan 19, 2020 A physical therapist is employed in an acute care facility. Which scenario would provide the most appropriate justification for using restraints on a patient? 1) patient is on a medication that causes hallucinations 2) patient is too agitated to allow for the completion of an essential surgery 3) patient is verbally abusive to staff 4) patient is placed on bedrest orders following a major surgery - ANSWER-2) patient is too agitated to allow for the completion of an essential surgery Jan 20, 2020 A physical therapist examines the posture of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis using a plumb line. From the lateral view, which of the following would be considered an abnormal position for the plumb line give the likely postural deformity associated with this pathology? 1) through the external auditory meatus 2) through the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae 3) slightly posterior to the hip joint 4) slightly anterior to the knee joint - ANSWER-2) through the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae Jan 21, 2020 A physical therapist works with a patient on the post-partum unit of an acute care hospital. The patient has a pubic symphysis separation. Which of the following interventions would be the most appropriate prior to discharge? 1) gait training with AD 2) abdominal strengthening 3) lumbar stabilization 4) progressive resistive exercises with elastic tubing - ANSWER-1) gait training with AD Jan 22, 2020 A patient rehabilitating from cardiac surgery receives orders for patient-controlled analgesia. Which of the following medications would most likely be administered with this method? 1) hydromorphone (dilaudid) 2) prednisone (deltasone) 3) digoxin (lanoxin) 4) haloperidol (haldol) - ANSWER-1) hydromorphone (dilaudid) Jan 23, 2020 A physical therapist examines a patient recently diagnosed with a spinal cord syndrome secondary to a tumor. The patient has slowly developed difficulty with bowel and bladder function, has weakness in the bilateral lower extremities, and presents with a "saddle area" sensory impairment, The most likely diagnosis is: 1) central cord syndrome 2) conus medullaris syndrome 3) anterior spinal artery syndrome 4) cauda equina syndrome - ANSWER-4) cauda equina syndrome Jan 24, 2020 A physical therapist reads in a patient's medical record that the ankle-brachial index was measured as 0.36. Which scenario is most indicative of the obtained ABI value? 1) paresthesias in the feet and toes 2) weakened calf muscles 3) intermittent claudication during exercise 4) claudication pain at rest - ANSWER-4) claudication pain at rest Jan 25, 2020 A patient using a patella tendon bearing prosthesis applies a donut-shaped pad to an area of skin breakdown on the residual limb. The area of tissue damage was identified shortly after the patient-initiated prosthetic training. The therapist explains to the patient that the use of the donut-shaped pad should be avoided since it increases the: 1) ply of the prosthetic socks required for ambulation 2) ischemic effect of weight-bearing on the residual limb 3) weight-bearing forces applied to the patella tendon 4) limb volume of the residual limb - ANSWER-2) ischemic effect of weight-bearing on the residual limb Jan 26, 2020 A patient 72 hours status post stroke is referred to physical therapy. As part of the patient care program, the physical therapist makes positioning recommendations to the nursing staff. How often should turning occur? 1) every 30 minutes 2) every 2 hours 3) every 4 hours 4) every 6 hours - ANSWER-2) every 2 hours Jan 27, 2020 A physical therapist measures a patient for a straight cane prior to beginning ambulation activities. Which gross measurement method would provide the best estimate of cane length? 1) measuring from the head of the fibula straight to the floor and multiplying by 2 2) measuring from the iliac crest straight to the floor 3) measuring from the greater trochanter straight to the floor 4) dividing the patient's height by 2 and adding 3 inches - ANSWER-3) measuring from the greater trochanter straight to the floor Jan 28, 2020 A patient diagnosed with T5 paraplegia is discharged from a rehab hospital following 16 weeks of therapy. Assuming a normal recovery, which of the following most accurately describes that status of the patient's bathroom transfers? 1) independent with the presence of an attendant 2) independent with a sliding board 3) independent with bathroom adaptations 4) independent - ANSWER-3) independent with bathroom adaptations Jan 29, 2020 A patient with cardiac arrhythmias has been prescribed beta-blockers. What is the most effective way to monitor the patient's activity tolerance? 1) rating of perceived exertion 2) visual analog scale 3) palpation of radial heart rate 4) assessment of telemetry strip - ANSWER-1) rating of perceived exertion Jan 30, 2020 A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a 22-year-old athlete rehabilitating from an ACL reconstruction. Which piece of objective measurement would serve as a barrier to the patient returning to the high-demand of competitive athletics? 1) 0-135 knee ROM 2) hamstrings/quad strength ratio of 50% 3) quad strength 90% of the contralateral limb 4) negative lateral pivot shift - ANSWER-2) hamstrings/quad strength ratio of 50% Jan 31, 2020 An older adult patient presents with shoulder and neck pain secondary to polymyalgia rheumatica. They express that recently they have been experiencing headaches of increasing intensity along with visual disturbances. What is the most likely reason for this complaint? 1) temporal arteritis 2) migraine 3) cervicogenic headache 4) transient ischemic attack - ANSWER-1) temporal arteritis Feb 1, 2020 A patient with acute back pain is given a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit to use at home. The physical therapist provides detailed instructions on the care and use of the unit. Which of the following activities is not the responsibility of the patient? 1) modulate the current intensity 2) application of new electrodes 3) change the battery 4) alter the pulse rate and width - ANSWER-4) alter the pulse rate and width Feb 2, 2020 A physical therapist reviews the chart of a patient diagnosed with a traumatic spinal cord injury. The patient's motor level was determined to be C7 and the sensory level was determined to be C8. The neurological level of the injury for this patient would be best described as: 1) C6 2) C7 3) C8 4) T1 - ANSWER-2) C7 Feb 3, 2020 A physical therapist observes a patient completing a low-level exercise test on a treadmill. Which of the following measurement methods would provide the physical therapist with an objective measurement of endurance? 1) facial color 2) facial expression 3) rating on perceived exertion scale 4) respiration rate - ANSWER-4) respiration rate Feb 4, 2020 A physical therapy plan of care to manage contractures in an adolescent with Duchenne muscular dystrophy should include: 1) general manual stretching of the extremities 2) daily standing program 3) contract/relax stretching strategies for tight muscles 4) progression of walking activities - ANSWER-2) daily standing program Feb 5, 2020 A physical therapist uses a subjective pain scale to assess pain intensity in patient with MS. The pain scale consists of a 10 cm line with each end anchored by one extreme of perceived pain intensity. The patient is asked to mark on the line the point that best describes their present pain level. This type of scale is best termed: 1) descriptor differential scale 2) verbal rating scale 3) visual analog scale 4) numerical rating scale - ANSWER-3) visual analog scale Feb 6, 2020 A group of physical therapists employed in an acute care hospital is responsible for developing departmental guidelines for electrical equipment care and safety. What is the minimum required testing interval for electrical equipment? 1) 3 months 2) 6 months 3) 12 months 4) 24 months - ANSWER-3) 12 months Feb 7, 2020 A physical therapist conducts an examination on a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Which of the following clinical findings would the therapist expect to identify? 1) aphasia 2) ballistic movements 3) severe muscle atrophy 4) cogwheel rigidity - ANSWER-4) cogwheel rigidity Feb 8, 2020 A physical therapist performs a circulatory screening on the LE. Which location would be most appropriate for the therapist to palpate if they want to assess the posterior tibial artery pulse? 1) anterior aspect of medial malleolus 2) posterior aspect of medial malleolus 3) anterior aspect of lateral malleolus 4) posterior aspect of lateral malleolus - ANSWER-2) posterior aspect of medial malleolus Feb 9, 2020 A patient with diabetes is being treated for a wound on the plantar surface of the foot. The wound is documented as a deep ulcer with abscess. Which of the following numeric grades would the physical therapist use when grading this ulcer based on the Wagner Grade Classification system? 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 - ANSWER-3) 3 Feb 10, 2020 A physical therapist conducts a goniometric assessment of a patient's glenohumeral joint to differentiate this motion from full motion of the shoulder complex. Which of the following values is most indicative of normal passive glenohumeral abduction? 1) 60 degrees 2) 120 degrees 3) 155 degrees 4) 180 degrees - ANSWER-2) 120 degrees Feb 11, 2020 A patient post stroke presents with significant impairments in kinesthesia during sensory testing of the involved extremities. Based on this finding, which of the following proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques would be the most appropriate intervention? 1) rhythmic initiation 2) alternating isometrics 3) rhythmic stabilization 4) hold-relax - ANSWER-1) rhythmic initiation Feb 12, 2020 A physical therapist monitors an adult patient's blood pressure using the brachial artery, though they must use a pediatric blood pressure cuff since it is the only one available in the clinic. What effect would this have on the patient's blood pressure measurement? 1) the reading will be higher than the actual measurement 2) the reading will be lower than the actual measurement 3) the reading will be accurate if the therapist deflates the cuff at 3 mm Hg per second 4) the reading will be accurate if the therapist deflates the the cuff at 1 mm Hg per second - ANSWER-1) the reading will be higher than the actual measurement Feb 13, 2020 A physical therapist working in a rehabilitation hospital completes the Braden scale as a component of patient examination. The Braden scale is most often used as a risk assessment tool for which of the following integumentary conditions? 1) neuropathic ulcers 2) arterial insufficiency ulcers 3) venous insufficiency ulcers 4) pressure injuries - ANSWER-4) pressure injuries Feb 14, 2020 A physical therapist prepares to complete a manual muscle test of the opponens pollicis. Wheres should the therapist apply pressure for providing resistance when completing this muscle test? 1) volar surface of the distal end of the metacarpal 2) dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the first digit 3) volar surface of the distal phalanx of the first digit 4) volar surface of the trapezium and trapezoid - ANSWER-1) volar surface of the distal end of the metacarpal Feb 15, 2020 A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with epilepsy who is taking carbmazapine (Tegretol). Which of the following potential adverse effects should the therapist recognize as a primary side effect of this medication? 1) muscle wasting or atrophy 2) cardiac arrhythmias 3) joint pain and swelling 4) respiratory depression - ANSWER-2) cardiac arrhythmias Feb 16, 2020 A patient with heart failure has been prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin) as part of the pharmacological management of an exacerbation of the disease. Which of the following adverse signs or symptoms should the physical therapist be most alert for during exercise based on the prescribed medication? 1) bradycardia and hemorrhage 2) dizziness and weakness 3) headache and migraines 4) involuntary movements and tremors - ANSWER-2) dizziness and weakness Feb 17, 2020 A physical therapist prepares to assist a patient with a sliding board transfer from a wheelchair to a bed. Which of the following directions would be most appropriate when directing the patient to perform a sliding board transfer? 1) adjust the bed height so it is 4 inches lower than the wheelchair seat 2) position the wheelchair so that it is at a slight angle to the bed 3) remove both armrests from the wheelchair before positioning the slide board 4) leave the elbows slightly bent as you move the body laterally on the slide board - ANSWER-2) position the wheelchair so that it is at a slight angle to the bed Feb 18, 2020 A physical therapist transports a patient with multiple sclerosis to the gym for their treatment session. The patient is wheelchair dependent and uses a urinary catheter. When transporting the patient, where would be the most appropriate location to secure the collection bag? 1) in the patient's lap 2) attached to the IV pole 3) on the wheelchair 4) on the wheelchair cross brace beneath the seat - ANSWER-4) on the wheelchair cross brace beneath the seat Feb 19, 2020 A patient with a history of a grade III anterior talofibular sprain presents with a capsular pattern of the talocrural joint. Based on this finding, which of the following interventions would be the most appropriate to address this residual impairment? 1) closed-chain proprioceptive exercises for the involved lower extremity 2) progression of strengthening exercises for the fibularis longus and brevis 3) grade IV joint mobilizations emphasizing anterior glides of the talus 4) grade III joint mobilizations emphasizing posterior glides of the talus - ANSWER-3) grade IV joint mobilizations emphasizing anterior glides of the talus Feb 20, 2020 A physical therapist is treating a patient with cystic fibrosis in an outpatient setting. The patient has a history of GERD and is currently being treated with Prevacid. When performing postural drainage, the treatment of which lung segment would be the most problematic for this patient? 1) anterior basal segment of left lower lobe 2) apical segment of the upper lobe 3) superior segment of right lower lobe 4) posterior segment of right upper lobe - ANSWER-1) anterior basal segment of left lower lobe Feb 21, 2020 A patient diagnosed with a CVA involving the anterior cerebral artery is referred to physical therapy. Based on the diagnosis, which of the following interventions should the physical therapist most anticipate needed to incorporate into the plan of care for this patient? 1) progression of lower extremity strengthening exercises and gait activities 2) facilitation techniques for weakness of upper extremity and facial muscles 3) coordination/balance activities and referral to speech therapy for aphasia 4) inhibitory techniques for upper extremity spasticity and synergy patterns - ANSWER-1) progression of lower extremity strengthening exercises and gait activities Feb 22, 2020 A physical therapist reads in a medical chart that a patient is taking a medication via enteral administration. Which of the following methods of medication administration would be considered a type of enteral administration? 1) intrathecal 2) subcutaneous 3) sublingual 4) transdermal - ANSWER-3) sublingual Feb 23, 2020 A 68-year-old female patient diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica reports recently experiencing headaches of increasing intensity along with visual disturbances. Based on this clinical presentation, which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms? 1) temporal arteritis 2) trigeminal neuralgia 3) myofascial pain syndrome 4) transient ischemic attack - ANSWER-1) temporal arteritis Feb 24, 2020 A patient with a history of a grade III anterior talofibular sprain presents with a capsular pattern of the talocrural joint. Based on this finding, which of the following interventions would be the most appropriate to address this residual impairment? 1) closed-chain proprioception exercises for the involved lower extremity 2) progression of strengthening exercises for the fibularis longus and brevis 3) grade IV joint mobilizations emphasizing anterior glides of talus 4) grade III joint mobilizations emphasizing posterior glides of the talus - ANSWER-3) grade IV joint mobilizations emphasizing anterior glides of talus Feb 25, 2020 A patient diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome reports difficulty with managing flare-ups of their symptoms. Which of the following interventions should the physical therapist most emphasize in order to address the patient's compliant? 1) lumbar stabilization exercises 2) desensitization techniques 3) instruction in pacing exercises 4) general flexibility training - ANSWER-3) instruction in pacing exercises Feb 26, 2020 A patient with a stage III pressure injury over the ischial tuberosity presents with copious amounts of seropruriulent drainage from the wound bed. The physical therapist is concerned about maceration of the periwound tissues. Based on this information, which of the following wound dressings would be the most appropriate choice for this patient? 1) transparent films 2) impregnated gauze 3) hydrocolloids 4) calcium alginates - ANSWER-4) calcium alginates Feb 27, 2020 A physical therapist evaluates a patient with a recent onset of low back pain consistent with a disk herniation. Pain increases with standing, lumbar motion, and coughing. Positions that are non-weight bearing alleviate the patient's symptoms. Based on the patient's clinical presentation, which of the following interventions would the therapist most likely utilize initially to address the patient's positional preferences? 1) lumbar stabilization exercises 2) lumbar traction techniques 3) lumbar flexion exercises in supine 4) lumbar extension exercises in prone - ANSWER-2) lumbar traction techniques Feb 28, 2020 A physical therapist assesses the functional strength of a patient's hip extensors while observing the patient move from standing to sitting. What type of contraction occurs in the hip extensors during this activity? 1) concentric 2) eccentric 3) isometric 4) isokinetic - ANSWER-2) eccentric Feb 29, 2020 A patient diagnosed with T5 paraplegia is discharged from a rehabilitation hospital following 16 weeks of therapy. Assuming a normal recovery, which of the following most accurately describes the status of the patient's bathroom transfers? 1) independent with the presence of an attendant 2) independent with sliding board 3) independent with bathroom adaptions 4) independent - ANSWER-3) independent with bathroom adaptions March 1, 2020 A physical therapist completes a goniometric assessment of a patient's wrist. Assuming normal range of motion, which of the following motions would have the greatest available range? 1) extension 2) flexion 3) radial deviation 4) ulnar deviation - ANSWER-2) flexion March 2, 2020 A physical therapist reviews the chart of a patient diagnosed with traumatic spinal cord injury. The patient's motor level was determined to be C7 and sensory level was determined to be C8. The neurological level of injury for this patient would be best described as: 1) C6 2) C7 3) C8 4) T1 - ANSWER-2) C7 March 3, 2020 A physical therapist palpates the bony structures of the wrist and hand. Which of following structures would not be identified in the distal row of carpals? 1) capitate 2) hamate 3) triquetrum 4) trapezoid - ANSWER-3) triquetrum March 4, 2020 A physical therapist uses a floor scale to educate a patient on their current weight bearing status following a lower extremity injury. Assuming the patient weighs 250 pounds and has been cleared for 30% weight bearing, what would be the most appropriate amount of weight transmitted through the involved lower extremity? 1) 50 pounds 2) 75 pounds 3) 100 pounds 4) 175 pounds - ANSWER-2) 75 pounds March 5, 2020 A patient with osteoarthritis receives a whirlpool treatment using a Hubbard tank to decrease muscle and joint stiffness. The patient's medications include a calcium channel blocker for hypertension. The most relevant potential interaction between for calcium channel blocker and described intervention is: 1) severe hypotension 2) local vasoconstriction 3) neuromuscular junction stimulation 4) cutaneous hypersensitivity - ANSWER-1) severe hypotension March 6, 2020 A physician suspects a stress fracture in 34-year-old distance runner after completing an exam. Assuming the physician's preliminary diagnosis is correct, which of the following diagnostic tests would be the most appropriate to identify the stress fracture? 1) bone scan 2) fluoroscopy 3) telethermography 4) ultrasound scan - ANSWER-1) bone scan March 7, 2020 A physical therapist walks with a patient in an inpatient cardiac rehabilitation unit. The patient describes a sensation of lower extremity cramping and sensory changes after a distance of 50 feet. The therapist hypothesizes that the patient's symptoms are consistent with pain from claudication. Which of the following tests would be the most appropriate to confirm the hypothesis? 1) venous doppler ultrasonography 2) arterial doppler ultrasonography 3) clinical electromyography 4) electrocardiogram - ANSWER-2) arterial doppler ultrasonography March 8, 2020 A physical therapist instructs a patient with a unilateral amputation to ascend and descend stairs. Which amputation level would you expect to have the most difficulty performing the described task? 1) transmetatarsal 2) transtibial 3) transfemoral 4) Syme's - ANSWER-3) transfemoral March 9, 2020 A physical therapist performs passive range of motion to a patient in the intensive care unit with severe congestive heart failure. The patient displays cycles of deep breathing following by shallow breathing with periods of apparent apnea. This breathing pattern is most characteristic of: 1) Kussmaul's 2) eupenea 3) othropnea 4) Cheyne-stokes - ANSWER-4) Cheyne-stokes March 10, 2020 A patient recently diagnosed with end-stage renal disease begins hemodialysis treatments at an outpatient facility. Which frequency and duration of dialysis is the most typical? 1) one time a week for 5 hours 2) two times a week for 3 hours 3) three times a week for 4 hours 4) five times a week for 2 hours - ANSWER-3) three times a week for 4 hours March 11, 2020 A patient without a cardiac history describes the sudden onset of substernal pain that has radiated to the subclavicular area over the last five hours. The patient indicates that the knifelike pain increases with inspiration and movement and decreases when seated and leaning forward. The therapist identifies a pericardial friction rub through auscultation. The most likely diagnoses is: 1) myocardial infarction 2) angina 3) pericarditis 4) myocarditis - ANSWER-3) pericarditis March 12, 2020 A patient 10 days following a TKA returns to physical therapy after a follow-up visit with their surgeon. The patient reports being excited since they were told to prematurely discontinue use of the compression garments shown in the image. Which variable would most likely have influenced the surgeon's decision? 1) activity level 2) knee range of motion 3) use of pain medication 4) postoperative time frame - ANSWER-1) activity level March 13, 2020 An older adult being treated for general debility is found to be irritable, lethargic, and mildly confused. Lab testing reveals a vitamin B deficiency. This scenario is most consistent with: 1) atrophic gastritis 2) scurvy 3) dementia 4) osteomalacia - ANSWER-1) atrophic gastritis March 14, 2020 A patient reports brief episodes of significant dizziness when standing during the last 24 hours. The patient states that her symptoms began in conjunction with a change in the diuretic medication she takes for her congestive heart failure. The most likely rationale for this new symptom is: 1) hypertension due to a decrease in blood plasma volume 2) hypertension due to an increase in blood plasma volume 3) hypotension due to a decrease in blood plasma volume 4) hypotension due to an increase in blood plasma volume - ANSWER-3) hypotension due to a decrease in blood plasma volume March 15, 2020 A patient who recently had a TKA plan to ask the surgeon about their ability to drive at an upcoming visit. Which patient would be the best candidate to begin driving? 1) 1 week post R TKA currently taking Tylenol 2) 2 weeks post-op taking tramadol 3) 2 weeks post-op taking meloxicam 4) 3 weeks post-op taking meperidine - ANSWER-3) 2 weeks post-op taking meloxicam March 16, 2020 A patient in the hospital following surgery sets the target indicator on an incentive spirometer. Which individual would most likely have the highest target value when using the device? 1) 35 yo female, 66 inches tall, post transmyocardial revascularization 2) 45 yo male, 72 inches tall, post TKA 3) 55 yo female, 64 inches tall, post cardiac valve replacement 4) 55 yo male, 70 inches tall, post coronary artery bypass graft - ANSWER-2) 45 yo male, 72 inches tall, post TKA March 17, 2020 A physical therapist instructs a patient in an exercise designed to increase pelvic floor awareness and strength. The exercise requires the patient to tighten the pelvic floor as if attempting to stop the floor of urine. The patient is instructed to hold to isometric contraction for 5 seconds and complete 10 repetitions. The most appropriate initial position for this exercise would be: 1) supine 2) sitting 3) tall kneeling 4) standing - ANSWER-1) supine March 18, 2020 A physical therapist works on balance reactions with a patient who has Charcot's foot. Which of the following findings is most likely related to the development of this medical condition? 1) altered sensation 2) muscular weakness 3) ulcer formation 4) pes cavus - ANSWER-1) altered sensation March 19, 2020 A patient performs the exercise (SLR w/o full ext) following a TKA. Assuming the patient has full passive knee extension ROM, which term best describes what is occurring? 1) extension lag 2) disuse atrophy 3) flexion contracture 4) inhibition by pain - ANSWER-1) extension lag March 20, 2020 A physical therapist prepares to use an intermittent compression device to treat a patient with lower extremity edema. The therapist would like to carefully monitor the patient during the session due to a history of mixed arterial and venous disease. Which of the following assessment procedures would be least beneficial to ensure that the patient is safely tolerating the compression treatment? 1) observation of lower leg skin color 2) figure 8 measurement at the ankle 3) capillary refill time of the great toe 4) palpation of the dorsalis pedis artery - ANSWER-2) figure 8 measurement at the ankle March 21, 2020 A patient recieves surgical dischare instructions that include the use of an incentive spirometer and lower extremity compression stockings. Which of the following surgical procedures would be the most likely to necessitate the use of this medical equipment? 1) achilles tendon repair 2) lateral ankle ligament reconstruction 3) knee meniscectomy 4) TKA - ANSWER-4) TKA March 22, 2020 A physical therapist obsrves a patient completing a low-level exercise test on a treadmill. Which of the following measurement methods would provide the physical therapist with an objective measurement of endurance? 1) facial color 2) facial expression 3) RPE 4) respiration rate - ANSWER-4) respiration rate March 23, 2020 A physical therapist employed in a home health setting treats a patient following TKA. Which of the following physical therapy goals would be the most essential to avoid long-term complications? 1) decrease inflammation 2) improve ROM 3) prevent DVT 4) improve strength - ANSWER-2) improve ROM March 24, 2020 A physical therapist treats a patient following R TKA in their home. The patient's bedroom is on the 2nd floor and the staircase has a handrail. Which functional task would likely be the first to occur during the rehab process? 1) ascending stairs w/ handrail and reciprocal pattern 2) ascending stairs w/o handrail and reciprocal pattern 3) descending stairs w/ handrail and reciprocal pattern 4) descending stairs w/o handrail and reciprocal pattern - ANSWER-1) ascending stairs w/ handrail and reciprocal pattern March 26, 2020 A patient who recently underwent diagnostic testing was prescribed Tegretol (carbamazepine) by their physician. Which diagnostic tool would most likely have resulted in the prescribing of this medication? 1) electroencephalography 2) lumbar puncture 3) cerebral angiography 4) echocardiography - ANSWER-1) electroencephalography March 27, 2020 A physical therapist treats a patient with RA. Assuming the patient is in the active inflamma