NURS 223 Exam #1 Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death || A+ GRADED.

Which of the following statements is true regarding drug therapy and its effects on the body? a) Drugs do not injure tissues or cells. b) Antineoplastic cells directly damage cells. c) Drugs only have bad effects when they have side effects. d) Drugs only have positive effects on cells. correct answers Antineoplastic cells directly damage cells. Antineoplastic drugs directly injure cells. Many drugs injure tissues and cells either through their direct mechanism of action, side effects, or adverse effects. A client presents for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of: a) Changes in cell shape, size, and organization b) Ischemic changes in cell samples c) The presence of unexpected cell types d) Abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field correct answers Changes in cell shape, size, and organization A Pap smear is an example of a diagnostic procedure that tests for the presence of cell dysplasia, that is, deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that vary in size, shape, and organization. Unexpected cell types are evidence of metaplasia, whereas ischemic changes are associated with cell hypertrophy. Increases in the number of cells are characterized as hyperplasia. Which of the following would help a nurse best describe a finding of hypertrophy on a lab report? a) Change of cell type b) Increased number of cells c) Decreased size of cells d) Increased size of the cell correct answers Increased size of the cell Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of the cell. A nurse is caring for a patient with a leg wound. When planning care for the patient, the nurse considers that the injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of which of the following? a) Altered permeability b) Altered glucose use c) Increased surface receptors d) Increased fat load correct answers Altered permeability Altered membrane permeability impairs the balance, allowing too much of some and not enough of other substances to flow in and out of the cell. The altered permeability, lack of adenosine triphosphate, and loss of functional surface receptors make it difficult for glucose to enter the cell. Excess fat accumulates because it is unable to move through the damaged membrane.