FCCN 2 Mechanical Vent with 100% correct answers

Diagnostic tests of respiratory failure ABG analysis Sputum analysis Respiratory failure imaging exams bronchoscopy chest x-ray MRI CT Respiratory failure cardiovascular indicators tachycardia- classic first sx dysrhythmias- new or changed acute HTN with tachycardia (sympathetic response) hypotension due to tachycardia if hypovolemic cyanosis/ pallor Respiratory failure respiratory indicators extreme work of breathing (SOB) use of accessory muscles for breathing (retractions)/ nasal flaring dyspnea (SOB) wheezing/ grunting sputum/ coughing body position (upright or may spontaneously lean forward while sitting to help take a deeper breath) Bradypnea causes excessive sedation tissue damage diabetic coma depressed resp center of the brain Tachypnea causes Fever anxiety resp distress restrictive lung disease obesity Kussmaul casues rapid and deep breathing occurs in metabolic acidosis as the resp system tries to lower CO2 level in blood to compensate Cheyne- stokes causes alternating rapid and shallow breathing seen in pts with HF, kidney failure, CNS damage Respiratory failure CNS indicators anxiety restless/ agitation confusion delirium as hypoxia worsens, LOC decreases (somnolence/ coma) ABG: PaO2 assess oxygenation normal 80-100 arterial blood oxygen saturation 80 = hypoxemia 100 = O2 therapy Causes of low PaO2 pulmonary disorders anemia ABG: PaCO2 assess ventilation normal: 35-45 35 = alkalosis 45 = acidosis Respiratory acidosis CO2 45 with a low pH What S&S would you see with resp acidosis? headache tachycardia confusion restless What are possible causes of resp acidosis? over sedation head and chest trauma COPD Respiratory alkalosis CO2 35 and high pH What S&S would you find in Respiratory alkalosis rapid, deep respirations anxiety fear What are possible causes of resp alkalosis fever sepsis PE (initial stage) ABG: HCO3 normal: 22-26 measures acid/base balance 22 = acidosis 26 = alkalosis Metabolic acidosis HCO3 22, low pH What findings would be present in a pt with metabolic acidosis? Kussmaul resp lethagy/ coma N/V ab pain