PNB Unit 2: Heart (Gross Anatomy) Exam 2024

PNB Unit 2: Heart (Gross Anatomy) Exam 2024 what is required for blood to be able to move through the tubes of the body? -Answer-a pressure gradient pressure creates ________ -Answer-flow substances always move from areas of ____ pressure to ____ pressure -Answer-high to low pressure areas what helps create pressure gradients? -Answer-pumps is the circulatory system an open or closed system? -Answer-closed is the relationship between pressure and volume direct or inverse? -Answer-inverse decrease the volume of a tube, pressure (increases/decreases) -Answer-increase pressure what direction(s) does blood flow from a pump? -Answer-both directions do we want blood flowing in both directions away from the pump? explain -Answer-no, we only want blood flowing in one direction - require system of pumps and valves overall function of the heart -Answer-creates pressure gradient to send blood out to a capillary network -allows nutrients, wastes, gases to get exchanged with tissues 2 major capillary networks where nutrients/gases are exchanged -Answer-systemic circulation pulmonary circulation importance of exchange with tissues via blood flow -Answer-keep tissues alive exchange gases with external environment in lungs to rid CO2 and bring in O2 true or false? the heart is a double pump -Answer-true 2 pumps within a single organ - work in series why is the heart a double pump -Answer-both pumps need to create enough pressure gradient for both capillary networks which capillary network is the left heart associated with -Answer-systemic - body which side of the heart encounters more resistance and what is the result -Answer-left heart (systemic circulation) encounters more resistance and has to work harder to produce the same output to entire body - left heart is stronger and larger which capillary network is the right heart associated with -Answer-pulmonary - lungs what would happen if the two pumps different volumes of blood (specific) -Answer-blood would accumulate around the right pump, unable to keep up with the output of the left what would the two pumps pumping different volumes of blood lead to -Answer- accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary circulation and interfere with gas exchange in the lungs HEART FAILURE what process creates the pumping of the heart -Answer-cardiac muscle contraction creates decrease in volume and causes the pressure to build up what is the size of the heart -Answer-size of a fist how many times does a heart contract in an average mammalian lifetime? -Answer-2 billion times what does the base of the heart consist of -Answer-great vessels - aorta (left) - pulmonary arteries (right) • superior region apex of the heart is important for -Answer-important for conduction - ventricles • inferior region what provides protection to the heart? -Answer-the pericardium 3 layers of the pericardium -Answer-fibrous pericardium serous pericardium (parietal and visceral) what is the fibrous pericardium and what is it made of -Answer-outermost layer of pericardium/heart dense connective tissue - well-defined, rigid structure what is the function of the fibrous pericaridum -Answer-keeps heart from experiencing significant changes in size due to internal or external pressure what is a serous membrane consist of -Answer-double layers of loose connective tissue what are the outer and inner layers of a serous membrane -Answer-outer: parietal inner: visceral what is found between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium? -Answer- about 50mL of pericardial fluid